Anti-Rhizoctonia solani activity by Desmos chinensis extracts and its mechanism of action |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;2. Department of Pest Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;3. Department of Chemistry and Natural Products Research Center, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;1. Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao 266109, PR China;2. Core Laboratories of Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China;3. State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China;4. Shouguan Veterinary and Livestock Administration, Weifang, 261000, PR China;1. Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand;2. Department of Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya (RMUTSV), Nakhon Si Thammarat Campus, Thu Song, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80110, Thailand;3. Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;4. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand;1. Dipartimento di Agraria, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Località Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria 89122, Italy;2. Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, The Volcani Center, P.O.Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel;3. Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l''analisi dell''economia agraria (CREA)-Centro di Ricerca per l''Agrumicoltura e le Colture Mediterranee, Corso Savoia 190, Acireale (CT) 95024, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The objectives of this study were to investigate the mechanisms of action and to evaluate the potential application of Desmos chinensis extracts for controlling rice sheath blight. The dichloromethane extract from D. chinensis demonstrated high antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani. The extract was shown to have anti-R. solani activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration values ranging from 31.2 to 62.5 μg mL−1 and from 62.5 to 500 μg mL−1, respectively. Bioautography on thin-layer chromatography plates demonstrated antifungal activity of the extract with an Rf value of 0.33. A total of 7 compounds, 2 benzoate esters (benzyl benzoate and benzyl 2-hydroxybenzoate), 2 sesquiterpenoids (α-eudesmol and β-eudesmol), 1 aromatic alcohol (benzyl alcohol), 1 aromatic ketone (acetophenone) and 1 diterpenoid (phytol), were detected and identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Electron micrographs confirmed the effects of the extract on morphological and ultrastructural alterations in the treated fungal cells. The micrographs of the mycelia treated with the extract at 4MIC illustrated aberrant morphology such as shrinkage, partial distortion and globular structures of different sizes along the surface of the mycelia. Damaging membranous structures including disruption of the cell membrane, partial loss of nuclear membranes, and depletion of hyphal cytoplasm and membranous organelles were observed. Foliar application of D. chinensis extract at a concentration of 2 mg mL−1 on rice markedly decreased sheath blight severity. It was concluded that the application of D. chinensis extract can be used as a botanical fungicide to control rice sheath blight. |
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