生物间遗传学在防治河北省小麦叶锈病研究中的应用

作者应用生物间遗传学的观点和方法,对河北省的小麦品种与叶锈菌的相互作用进行了分析。供试的叶锈菌是来自河北省的177个标样,供试的28个小麦品种包括河北省的主要生产品种、区试品种(系)抗源和新鉴别寄主。用毒力频率法分析品种与叶锈菌群体的关系,有6个品种即鉴61、保麦2号、翼植88-5163、石86-2848、唐86-4043和百农3217表现较抗病。根据这6个品种对叶锈菌群体的反应、列出33种不同的毒性公式,在此基础上,根据若干品种对叶锈菌群体同时表现抵抗或感染计算抗性组合,为品种合理布局选择最佳组合,在小种鉴定方面,用新鉴别寄主对177个菌株的反应鉴定出频率在3.4%以上的小种8个,其中以V1,9-16和V1,9-12,14-16的频率较高,分别为13.6%和10.7%,也是近两年来北方冬麦区常出现的小种类型。在小种鉴定的基础上,根据28个品种与6个优势小种互作所出现的浸染型来推导品种和叶锈菌的基因型,共推导出7个抗性基因分散在不同的品种中。

APPLICATION OF INTERORGANISMAL GENETICS IN THE STUDY ON CONTROL OF WHEAT LEAF RUST IN HEBEI

The concept and method of interorganismal genetic; were used to analyze the interaction of wheat cultivars and leaf rust in Hebei. The leaf rust consisting 177 isolates were collected from Hebei. The 28 materials studied consisted of commercial varieties, materials joining regional test, sources of resistance in Hebei and new differential hosts. The virulence frequency was analyzed to indicate the relationship between the wheat cultivars and the population of pathogen. Six cultivars, including Bao Mai 2, etc., were highly resistant, based on the reactions of these cultivars, 33 virulence formulae were formted and, based on them, resistance associations which could provide the best combinations of cultivars for deployment of resistant cultivars for controlling disease could be computed. On the basis of reactions of the new differential hosts to 177 isolates, 8 races with frequency of occurrence more than 3.4% were identified. Among them V1, 9-16 and V1, 9-12, 14-16, having frequency of occurrence of 13.6% and 10.7% respectively, were more prevalent. Seven resistance genes were postulated based on infection types shown by interaction of 28 cultivars and 6 prevalent races respectively.