几个早熟苹果品种香气成分的GC-MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用技术分析极早熟苹果新品种早丰甜及贝拉、辽伏等早熟苹果品种果实香气成分。结果表明,(1)3种早熟苹果含醇类等12类136种香气成分,其中1-己醇、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯等成分均在1%以上,总含量占测定芳香物质总量的93.81%,为参试苹果品种的主要香气成分;(2)β-大马酮及草蒿脑可能是早丰甜特有香气物质;(3)根据香气成分的种类及含量,可将早丰甜与贝拉分别划为“酯香型”与“醇香型”苹果;(4)3个早熟苹果品种间香气成分种类和含量均存在差异,苹果香气成分是早熟苹果品种选育标准评价的重要指标之一。

GC-MS analysis of volatile components in several early apple cultivars

The aromatic components of 3 early apple cultivars (Zaofengtian, Vista Bella and Liaofu) were examined by HS-SPME and analyzed by GC-MS. Results showed that 136 aromatic components, belonging to 12 categories in these 3 cultivars were identified. The main aromatic components were 1-hexanol, (E)-2-hexenal, acetic acid,butyl ester, acetic acid,hexyl ester, etc., representing 93.81% of the total aromatic content. β-damascenone and estragole in Zaofengtian weren't detected in Vista Bella or Liaofu, which could be unique components to Zaofengtian. According to the different categories and relative contents of aromatic components, Zaofengtian could be classified as an ester-type apple and Vista Bella as alcohol-type. There were differences in both aromatic components and relative contents among early apple cultivars, so aroma was one of the important criteria in evaluation of early apples in apple breeding.