冬小麦 夏玉米两熟制下不同类型氮肥的肥效研究

为筛选小麦 玉米轮作中适宜小麦、玉米高产、高效、无污染及可持续生产的氮肥类型，以小麦品种豫麦49和玉米品种浚单20为材料，通过大田试验，在施氮量240 kg·hm^-2条件下研究了尿素（N1）、普通碳铵（N2）、多元素长效碳铵粉肥（N3）、多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥（N4）、有机肥+普通碳铵（N5）在冬小麦 夏玉米轮作系统中的施用效果。结果表明，N1和N4的肥效最好，与不施肥对照相比，能显著提高小麦干物质、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、产量和经济效益，并通过增加氮收获指数，使得氮肥利用率提高。从各种肥料后效来看， N1和N4对后茬玉米的后效明显高于其他类型氮肥。多元素长效碳铵颗粒肥对小麦干物质和氮素积累、小麦和玉米产量的影响与尿素差异不明显，但其经济效益较高，对环境更友好，因而作为一种高肥效、低投入的新型氮肥，在今后农业生产中应用前景广阔。

Effect of Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Wheat Corn Double Cropping System

To screen the nitrogen fertilizer type with high yield, high efficiency, no pollution and sustainable production in wheat and maize rotation system, the objectives of this study were attempted to evaluate the effect of five types of nitrogen fertilizers of urea (N1), normal ammonium bicarbonate (N2), multi element long acting powdery ammonium bicarbonate (N3), multi element long acting granular ammonium bicarbonate (N4) and organ fertilizer + normal ammonium bicarbonate (N5) on wheat maize rotation system with wheat cultivar Yumai 49 and maize cultivar Jundan 20 under field conditions with N rate of 240 kg·hm^-2. The results showed that the N1 and N4 treatments could significantly improve the dry biomass weight, number of effective panicles, number of spikelets per panicle, and 103 grain weight of wheat compared with the control (no N). Furthermore, the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in N1 and N4 treatments was increased with the increase of the nitrogen harvest index which improved the wheat yield and economic income. In addition, the residual effect of nitrogen fertilizers to maize growth after wheat indicated that the N1 and N4 were significantly higher than other types of nitrogen fertilizers.In conclusion, the results showed that the new nitrogen fertilizer of multi element long acting granular ammonium bicarbonate could achieve high fertilizer efficiency and low input in future agricultural production compared with the urea application.