小麦 黑麦大粒1BL/1RS易位系的分子细胞学鉴定

为明确小麦 黑麦大粒衍生系14 1 2的遗传组成，综合采用细胞学、基因组原位杂交(GISH)、SCAR标记、SSR标记对该衍生系进行鉴定。黑麦基因组特异SCAR标记鉴定表明，14 1 2含有黑麦遗传物质；有丝分裂和减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体数目为2n= 42=21Ⅱ。以黑麦基因组为探针的GISH检测表明,14 1 2含有2个黑麦染色体臂。黑麦7条染色体上的特异标记鉴定表明，只有黑麦1RS上的特异SCAR标记在14 1 2中扩增出黑麦特异条带。小麦7个部分同源群染色体长短臂上的SSR引物鉴定表明，只有1BS上的4对引物在14 1 2中未扩增出1BS的条带,其余染色体上的引物均扩增出了相应条带。由此证实小麦1BS被黑麦1RS所替代，衍生系14 1 2为1BL/1RS易位系材料。

Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of Wheat rye 1BL/1RS Translocation Line with Big Kernel Traits

A new derivative line 14 1 2 of common wheat-rye (Secale cereale L; 2n= 2x=14, RR) was developed from a cross between wheat cv. W770B and Mexico rye. The average thousand kernel weight of 14 1 2 is 56.8 g, the most of it are 61.0 g. The line 14 1 2 with big kernel trait was screened and identified for several years. The line was characterized by cytology, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), SCAR and SSR. The mitotic and meiotic investigations revealed that the chromosome number and configuration of 14 1 2 were 2n= 42=21 II. GISH using rye genomic DNA as probe indicated that one pair of R chromosome arms with strong hybridization signals was introduced into 14 1 2. Screening with rye specific primers revealed that 3 specific SCAR primers in 1RS chromosome amplified the rye specific bands in the plant of 14 1 2. SSR primers on the long arm and short arm of seven wheat homoeologous groups were screened,but only 4 primers in 1BS could not be amplified. Consequentially, 1BS of wheat was substituted by 1RS of rye and the derivative line was confirmed as a 1BL/1RS translocation line with big kernel trait.