3种方法提取的玉米胚芽油理化性能差异研究

目的]研究不同方法提取的玉米胚芽油理化性能差异。方法]采用索氏抽提法、超声波辅助提取法、水酶法3种方法提取玉米胚芽油,并优化提取条件。分别对3种方法提取的胚芽油的理化性质（折光率、过氧化值、酸价、皂化值、碘价）、磷脂和游离脂肪酸含量、脂肪酸组成、不皂化物的含量及组成进行测定。结果]索氏抽提法、超声波辅助提取法对胚芽油的提取率均超过49%,水酶法低于25%,但3种方法各有其优点。3种方法所得胚芽油脂肪酸组成基本相同,主要为亚油酸和油酸;不皂化物组成也基本相同,主要为甾醇类及酯类物质,但在数量上存在差异。结论]从胚芽油的提取率、理化性质及营养价值方面综合评价,超声波辅助提取法最适合玉米胚芽油的提取。

Research on the Difference in Physical and Chemical Property of Corn Germ Oil Extracted with Three Methods

Objective] The extraction methods resulting in the difference in the physical and chemical property of corn germ oil was studied.Method] Three methods of Soxhlet,ultrasonic-assisted,aqueous enzymatic extraction were used in the extraction of corn germ oil and the condition was optimized.The physical and chemical property(refractive index,peroxide value,acid value,saponification value,iodine value),the content of phospholipids and free fatty acid,the composition of fatty acid and the content and composition of unsaponifiable matter of the corn germ oil extracted with the three methods were determined.Result] The extraction rate of corn germ oil was more than 49% in Soxhlet and ultrasonic-assisted extraction method and less than 25% in aqueous enzymatic extraction method,but the three methods showed unique advantage,respectively.Conclusion] Based on the comprehensive assessment in the extraction rate,the physical and chemical property and nutritional value of the corn germ oil,the method of ultrasonic assisted extraction was most suitable for its extraction.