噬菌体在水产养殖业中的研究进展

随着水产养殖业的发展,养殖密度越来越高,细菌性疾病暴发频繁。现如今主流抗菌手段是抗生素,但其大规模且不规范的使用使得细菌耐药性问题越发严重。为了有效防治水产细菌性疾病,加快推进水产养殖业绿色发展,促进产业转型升级,人们亟需寻求新的抗菌手段来缓解当今的局面。噬菌体是一种感染细菌和古细菌的病毒,具有专一性强、不易产生抗性、代谢快、易开发及成本低等优点。在国内外被广泛研究,同时也被应用于多种疾病的防控,其相关产品也获得认可,但其本身存在的限制也不容忽视。本文首先综合介绍了噬菌体治疗的原理和优势,然后对噬菌体治疗在水产养殖动物细菌性疾病中的研究进展进行综述,并对噬菌体治疗现存的困难和应对策略进行讨论,最后在此基础上作出展望,期望能够为后续噬菌体在水产上的应用研究提供参考。

Research progress of bacteriophage in aquaculture

With the development of the aquaculture industry, the stocking density increased and the outbreaks of bacterial disease were more and more frequent. Nowadays, antibiotic is still the main control method against bacterial infection. However its massive and irregular use makes the problem of drug resistance more serious. In order to effectively prevent and control aquatic bacterial diseases, accelerate the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry, and promote industrial transformation, it is urgently needed to seek new antibacterial methods to alleviate the current situation. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. They have the advantages of strong specificity, less resistance, easy to be metabolized, easy development, and low cost. Phages have been widely studied worldwide, and also have been applied to the prevention and control of various diseases. The related products have also been well- recognized, but the limitations cannot be ignored. This article first comprehensively introduces the principles and advantages of phage therapy, and then reviews the research progress of phage therapy in bacterial diseases of aquaculture animals. Subsequently, the existing dilemmas of phage therapy and coping strategies were discussed. Finally, a prospect is made on this basis, hoping to provide references for the follow-up research on the application of bacteriophages in aquaculture.