淮北地区小麦超高产栽培适宜追氮时期研究

为给淮北地区小麦超高产优质种植中合理施氮提供依据，以强筋小麦烟农19和中筋小麦皖麦50为材料，研究了超高产栽培条件下追氮时期对小麦产量、品质的影响。结果表明，在施纯氮307.5～322.5 kg·hm-2(其中有机氮37.5～52.5 kg·hm-2，化肥氮270 kg·hm-2)、基追比例为5∶5的条件下，烟农19和皖麦50的籽粒产量均以拔节期追施最高，产量分别达到9 497.10和9 857.55 kg·hm-2，以始花期追氮产量最低。粗蛋白、湿面筋含量、Z沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间等主要品质指标均随追氮时期推迟而提高，强筋品种烟农19在拔节期以后追氮的品质均能达到优质小麦标准(粗蛋白含量≥14%)。各氮肥利用参数基本以拔节期～孕穗期处理较高，追氮时期前移和后移均使各参数降低，拔节期～孕穗期处理与其他处理差异显著。综合两个年度的结果，淮北地区小麦实现高产、优质栽培的追氮时期以拔节期～孕穗期为佳，传统的氮素“一炮轰”运筹方式难以达到9 000 kg·hm-2的超高产水平。

Study on Time of Nitrogen Top dressing on Super High yielding Wheat Cultivation in Huaibei Region

From 2006 to 2008, Yannong 19 (strong gluten wheat)and Wanmai 50(middle gluten wheat) were used to study the effects of different period of nitrogen topdressing on super-high-yield wheat in Huaibei cultivation conditions. The results showed that under nitrogen appliation of 307.5～322.5 kg·hm~(-2) (organic nitrogen 37.5～52.5 kg·hm~(-2) and nitrogen fertilizer 270 kg·hm~(-2)) and 9 857.55 kg·hm~(-2) (Wanmai 50) could be obtained by topdressing at jointing stage, the lowest yield obtained by topdressing at pre-flowering. Crude protein, wet gluten content, Z-sedimentation value, formation time and stable time were improved with the delay of topdressing. Yannong 19 was able to reach quality standards ( crude protein ≥ 14%) while topdressing after jointing. Nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency were higher while topdressing at jointing stage ～ booting stage than top-dressing earlier and later than this stage. Significant difference was observed in jointing ～ booting stage treatment and other treatments. To achieve high yield of wheat high-quality in Huaibei region, the jointing ～ booting stage is the best for topdressing. The traditional nitrogen "one-off" method of fertilization is difficult to achieve yield level of 9 000 kg·hm~(-2).