新疆沙尘暴活动与气候条件的关系

本文根据新疆不同地区气象观测资料,研究了该区沙尘暴活动特点及其与气候变化的关系。资料表明,近30年来新疆沙尘暴发生的频数呈减小趋势,这主要是气候变化影响的结果。新疆沙尘暴的高发月份为4、5月份,南疆沙尘暴明显多于北疆,这主要是南疆与北疆气候差异造成的。气候要素中的降水量变化与沙尘暴的发生有着极其密切的关系,二者呈明显的负相关;气温的高低也与沙尘暴的发生呈负相关。新疆地区气候的暖湿变化对沙尘暴的发生起着明显的抑制作用。华北和黄土高原沙尘暴主要发生在3-4月,这表明新疆5月份的沙尘暴没有到达这两个地区。研究新疆地区沙尘暴发生的条件对源区沙尘暴防治有重要的意义。

The Relations between Sandstorm Activities and Climatic Conditions in Xinjiang

The sandstorm characteristics and the relationship with climate change were studied based on metecrological datas in different regions of Xinjiang. Statistics showed the frequency of sandstorms decreasing in the recent 30 years mainly because of the impact of climate changes. In Xinjiang, sandstorms occured frequently from April to May, and more in the north rather than the south owing to the different climates, and it had an extremely close and obviously negative relationship with the occurrence of sandstorms, so was the temperuture. The warm and wet climate changes obviously inhibited the sandstorms in Xinjiang area. In North China and the Loess Plateau, sandstorms mainly occured from March to April, showing Xinjiangg sandstorms not reaching the two areas in May. Research in the conditions of sandstorm occurrence has a great significance to the prevention of sandstorms.