日粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌对仔猪发酵床垫料理化性质及微生物群落的影响

试验旨在研究发酵床饲养模式下,猪日粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌对发酵床的理化性质和微生物群落的影响。分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+杆菌肽锌+硫酸黏杆菌素(抗生素组)和基础日粮+地衣芽孢杆菌(益生菌组)的试验日粮。结果表明:饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌能显著提高发酵床垫料蛋白酶活性(P0.05),对垫料脲酶活性和铵态氮含量无显著影响(P0.05);试验第15 d时,抗生素组的垫料放线菌数量显著低于对照组(P0.05);第35 d时,益生菌组的芽孢杆菌数量显著高于其他组(P0.05);第49 d时,益生菌组的芽孢杆菌数量显著高于抗生素组(P0.05),抗生素组的葡萄球菌数量比对照组显著降低(P0.05);益生菌组、抗生素组的大肠杆菌低于对照组,抗生素组的细菌总数、芽孢杆菌数量低于对照组,但差异均不显著(P0.05),饲粮抗生素一定程度上减少了垫料益生菌,但能有效减少垫料病原菌;各处理组间,垫料微生物DGGE的香农-威纳指数、均匀度均无显著差异(P0.05)。饲用地衣芽孢杆菌显著增加垫料中芽孢杆菌分布数量,提高垫料中垫料蛋白酶活,没有显著影响垫料细菌多样性指数,一定程度上提高粪便原位降解效率。

Effects of diet with Bacillus licheniformis on physicochemical properties and microbial community in litters of piglet biobed

To investigate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the physicochemical properties and microbial community in litters of piglet biobed, weaned piglets were fed in three groups. The first group was fed a basal diet plus B. licheniformis(probiotics treatment, PBT), the second group was fed a basal diet plus bacitracin zinc and sulfate prime enemy(antibiotic treatment, ABT), and the last group was fed a basal diet only(control treatment, CT). The results showed that the activity of proteinase in PBT was significantly improved(P<0.05), while no significant difference in urease activity or ammonium concentration was observed among the three treatments(P>0.05). On day 15, the total number of cells of Actinomyces in ABT was significantly increased(P<0.05). On day 35, the number of Bacillus in PBT was significantly increased(P<0.05). On day 49, the number of Bacillus in PBT was significantly higher than that in ABT(P<0.05),and the number of Staphylococci in ABT was significantly lower than that in CT(P<0.05). The numbers of Escherichia coli in ABT and PBT were lower than that in CT. The total numbers of bacterial and Bacillus in PBT were lower than that in CT, although these differences were not significant(P>0.05). The results indicated that dietary antibiotics might inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, while the probiotic bacteria population might also be affected. No significant difference(P>0.05) was observed in the DGGE Shannon-Wiener index or the evenness between the three treatments. In general, the addition of B. licheniformis significantly increased the population of Bacillus. The protease activity in the litters of piglet biobed and the degradation efficiency of the manure were improved, while no significant change was observed in the bacterial community diversity.