栽培方式对菘蓝农艺性状及产量和品质的影响

栽培方式对中药材产量和品质影响较大。本研究为了探讨河西走廊绿洲灌溉区菘蓝的最佳栽培方式,通过田间试验,采用栽培模式(平作和垄作)和覆膜方式(不覆膜、覆白膜和覆黑膜)二因素随机区组试验设计,设置6个处理。按照播种至收获每月一次定期采集菘蓝植株样品,测定了6种栽培方式下菘蓝根农艺性状指标、板蓝根产量及检测成分(R,S)-告依春含量。结果表明,不同栽培方式对菘蓝根长、根直径、单株根干重的累积动态、板蓝根产量和质量均具有显著影响。垄作覆黑膜栽培菘蓝根的快速生长持续期最长,根系最发达,根长、根直径和单株根干重均较高。板蓝根产量以垄作覆黑膜栽培最高(4 514.4 kg·hm~(-2)),垄作覆白膜产量最低(3 116 kg·hm~(-2));(R,S)-告依春含量以垄作覆白膜最高(2.61 g·kg~(-1)),垄作不覆膜最低(1.37 g·kg~(-1))。在不同栽培方式下,菘蓝主根长、根直径和单株根干重生长随生长时间均呈现"S"型生长趋势,符合Logistic生长模型。河西走廊绿洲灌区菘蓝收获板蓝根适宜栽培方式为垄作覆黑膜栽培。

Effect of cropping pattern on agronomic characteristics, yield and quality of radix isatidis

Radix isatidis (Isatis indigotica Fort.), a biennial cruciferous plant, is an important traditional Chinese medicine plant that is extensively cultivated across China. Its main producing area is in the central region of Hexi Corridor in Qilian Mountaint. In 2012, Minle County in Ganshu Province was named the "hometown" of radix isatidis in China. However, standardized cultivation technique has been the main problem affecting the yield and quality of radix isatidis. Cropping pattern has been critical for yield and quality of Chinese medicinal plants. In order to explore the best cropping pattern for radix isatidis in irrigated oasis in Hexi Corridor, we designed a two-factor randomized block field experiment. One factor was the cultivation model (consisting of ridge plowing and flat breaking) and the other was film mulching (no film cover, white film cover and black film cover). The experiment included six cropping patterns- flat breaking without film mulching, flat breaking with white film mulching, flat breaking with black film mulching, ridge plow without film mulching, ridge plow with white film mulching, and ridge plow with black film mulching. The agronomic characteristics of root, yield and content of epigoitrin in radix isatidis under different treatments were determined every month for period from sowing to harvest. Results showed that under different cultivation methods, main root length, root diameter and root dry weight of individual plant tracked S-shaped curve across the growth stages that was best fitted by logarithmic growth equation. The differences in root yield under various cultivation methods were significant. While ridge plow with black film mulching had the highest yield (4 514.45 kg·hm^-2), ridge plow with white film mulching had the lowest yield (3 116.378 kg·hm^-2). Different treatments had significantly effects on epigoitrin content in radix isatidis. While ridge plow with white film mulching had the highest epigoitrin content (2.61 g·kg^-1), ridge plow without film mulching had the lowest epigoitrin content (1.37 g·kg^-1). Ridge plow with black film mulching cultivation method should be widely used in radix isatidis cultivation in the irrigated oasis in Hexi Corridor.