细辛对番茄早疫病菌的抑制作用及其活性成分的分离

以番茄早疫病菌为供试植物病原菌,采用生物活性追踪法和活体盆栽试验法评价了细辛提取物的抑菌活性,并探索了细辛的杀菌活性成分。结果表明:细辛氯仿粗提取物在96和48 h对供试菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发都有较强的抑制作用。其中对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的半效应浓度EC50分别为1.69和0.41 mg/mL。细辛氯仿粗提取物经萃取分离得到的石油醚、氯仿和甲醇组分中,石油醚组分对供试菌孢子萌发具有强抑制作用,处理48 h后抑制率达到100%;但处理96 h后对菌丝生长的抑制率仅有40%。氯仿组分对供试菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发均具有较好的抑制作用,分别为72.27%和83.42%。对氯仿组分进行硅胶柱层析分离,得到4个高活性流分,在96 h对供试菌菌丝生长的抑制率达到85%以上。在盆栽试验中,4 mg/mL细辛氯仿提取物对番茄早疫病的保护和治疗作用达70%以上,与化学农药处理无显著差异。试验显示细辛对番茄早疫病菌具有较好的防治效果。

Antifungal activities and active compounds of the extractsfrom Asarum himalaicum against Alternaria solani

The purpose is to explore the fungicide properties of Asarum himalaicum with active chemicals in its extract as a fungicide.The disc diffusion assay was used to test the antifungal activity of the extract of A.himalaicum against Alternaria solani and the pot experiments was used to evaluated the activities of extract.The result indicated that the crude chloroform extract of A.himalaicum had strong antifungal activity and on mycelium growth and spores germination when treated in 48 and 96 h.The EC50 of mycel...