苹果和梨远缘杂交正常结籽率低的组织学研究

通过‘富士’苹果ב金二十世纪’梨和‘金二十世纪’梨ב嘎啦’苹果2个杂交组合对苹果和梨远缘杂交正常结籽率低的现象进行了组织学研究。结果发现:‘富士’苹果花柱对‘金二十世纪’梨花粉生长的抑制作用主要发生在花粉管穿过柱头进入花柱阶段,而‘金二十世纪’梨花柱对‘嘎啦’苹果花粉生长的抑制作用则主要发生在花粉管在花柱中的生长阶段。‘富士’苹果ב金二十世纪’梨组合杂种不正常发育的表现为种子败育;‘金二十世纪’梨ב嘎啦’苹果组合杂种不正常发育的表现为种子不饱满和畸形。苹果和梨花柱在气孔分布上存在差异。以上这些可能是导致远缘杂交授粉过程困难、结籽率低的一部分原因。

Histological research on low seeded rate of hybridizationbetween apple and pear

For studying the low seeded rate of apple-pear hybridization,we hybridized apple with pear:Malus domestica cv. Red Fuji Spur×Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Gold Nijuseiki;Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Gold Nijuseiki×Malus domestica cv. Gala.Pollen germination,pollen tube growth in style and type of seed were investigated,respectively.Growth inhibition of pollen tubes in distant style is a reason for low seeded rate,while abnormal growth of hybrid seeds is another reason.The growth inhibition of Gold Nijuseiki pollen tube in Fuji style,which happens in the foreside of Fuji style,is stronger than that of Gala pollen tube in Gold Nijuseiki style in which inhibition occurres in the middle of style.This inhibition may be caused by the different structure of apple and pear styles.In Fuji×Gold Nijuseiki,the seeds growth inhibition is seed abortion,while in Gold Nijuseiki×Gala this inhibition leads to thinness seeds and abnormal seeds.