超强保水剂的制备及其性能评价

具有合适颗粒结构(毫米级)和组成的保水剂才能充分发挥其保水效力,但制备较困难。以丙烯酸铵或其钾盐和丙烯酰胺与适量的交联剂共聚,采用油柱亚稳定状态成型工艺,选择合适规格的滴头,通过使用较少的表面活性剂,尽量加快料液聚合反应速度的方法,使制备的毫米级颗粒的粒径得到了有效的控制。研究表明:在树脂中加入适量的三乙醇胺,能够显著提高其耐盐性,并对吸水速度及保水效率有一定改善;在满足快速反应,并且聚合物链长足以提供足够交联度的前提下,交联剂用量降低对于提高保水剂的综合性能有显著作用;用质量比为1∶3的丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸共聚得到的树脂,在含有适量三乙醇胺的情况下,成品粒径在0.8mm时具有较好的综合性能。

Synthesis of Super Water Absorbent and Retentive Polymer for Improvement Desert Soil

The paper studies the performance of water absorbing agent, for instance water absorption multiplying power, water absorption velocity, salt endurance, retention efficiency and spillage ration. The results are shown as follows: Using acrylic acid ammonium (kalium) salt, acrylamide, appropriate crosslinking agent copolymerizing and metastable molding technics of oil column can synthesize the millimeter size granulator water absorbing agent that has eminent water absorbing and retention and uneasily decrease in the sedert soil. The metastable molding technics of oil column has been studied. Lower surface-active agent, quick polymerization velocity of reactant and choosing different burette, controls the millimeter size grain. It has been found that the salt endurance is prominently advanced, water absorption velocity and water retention efficiency is improved when adding appropriate triethnolamine. The effect of resin forming, level of crosslinking, level of polymerization and particle size on performance of water absorbing agent has been studied. It finds out that the amount of water absorbing agent can improve the integrated performance of water absorbing agent prominently under the conditions of quick reaction and enough level of crosslinking. The results show that the resin would have good comprehensive performance when the rate of acrylamide to acrylic acid is 1∶3, reactant contains appropriate triethnolamine and particle size is 0.8 mm.