库尔勒香梨的传粉生物学研究

2008年阿克苏地区库尔勒香梨4月5日进入初花期,花期持续约15 d。单花开放时间5~6 d,花粉寿命25 d,柱头可授性在开花第1~2 d内最强。花粉胚珠比(p/o值)为12 186±2 603,属异交繁育系统。花部形态具有典型的动物传粉特征,结实必须依赖传粉昆虫或人工授粉,意蜂、鼠尾管食蚜蝇等膜翅目和双翅目昆虫是有效传粉者,昆虫有效传粉距离约20 m。砀山、早酥和红香酥等梨品种与库尔勒香梨花期相遇并均能有效提高其坐果率。

Pollination Biology of Korla Fragrant Pear

In 2008,the initial flowering of Korla Fragrant Pear in Aksu district began from April 5th,and the flowering duration was about 15 days.The longevity of individual flowers was 5-6 days,and the life span of pollens was 25 days.The stigmas had the strongest at the 1st and 2nd day of blooming.The ratio of pollen to ovule(P/O) is 12 186±2 603.Based on Cruden's criterion,the breeding system would be termed xenogamy.The floral morphology has the typical animal-pollinated characters,and the fruit setting depends on the pollination by insects or by hand.Several insects of the order Hymenopteran and Diptera,such as Apis mellifera Ligustica and Eristalis campestris Meigen are the available pollinators.The efficient distance of insects pollination is about 20 m.The florescence of Korla Fragrant Pear has almost simultaneous with that of the varieties of Dangshan Pear,Zaosu Pear,and Hongxiangsu Pear,and the fruit setting can be promoted by hand pollination with the pollens of these three varieties as well.