小麦地方品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基多样性分析

采用SDS-PAGE方法，对我国9个麦区的76份代表性地方品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成比较分析，并探讨其与环境因素(平均海拔、年平均降雨量和年平均温度)的相关性。结果表明，25.0%的品种具有异质性，分别包含2~4种不同HMW-GS组合；在Glu-1位点共检测到14个等位变异，其中Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1等位变异数分别为2、7和5；发现了3个新等位变异，包括Glu-B1位点2个和Glu-D1位点1个。所有等位变异构成16种不同的亚基组合类型，以(N, 7+8, 2+12)为主，频率为69.7%。在Glu-1位点上，不同麦区遗传多样性分布存在一定的不均衡性，年平均降雨量和年平均温度与麦区多样性指数呈负相关。推测环境压力可能是地方品种多样性地区分化的重要因素。

Genetic Diversity of High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition in Chinese Wheat Landraces

The high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (HMW-GS) composition of 76 representative accessions of wheat landraces, collected from nine agro-ecological zones in China, were examined by sodium-dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The correlation between diversity indexes at Glu-1 locus and altitude, mean annual precipitation, or mean annual temperature was also analyzed. The results indicated that 19 accessions (25.0%) were heterogeneous for HMW glutenin subunit composition, and contained 2–4 HMW-GS compositions generally. At Glu-1 locus, a total of 14 different glutenin alleles were observed and the number of alleles at Glu-A1, Glu-B1, and Glu-D1 was 2, 7, and 5, respectively. Three novel alleles were identified, consisting of two alleles at Glu-B1 and one allele at Glu-D1 locus. The 14 alleles resulted in 16 different HMW subunit combinations, and the combination (null, 7+8, 2+12) was the major type with the frequency of 69.7%. The genetic diversity indexes for HMW glutenin subunits varied among agro-ecological zones, and were negatively correlated with mean annual precipitation and mean annual temperature. Environmental stress is speculated to be an important factor for the differentiation of diversity in wheat landraces across regions.