国家大豆品种区域试验对照品种的生育期组归属

以38个分属MG000~MGVIII的北美大豆生育期组标准品种的生育期表现为参考, 通过多点对比试验, 对来自16个试验组的国家大豆品种区域试验19个对照品种进行生育期组鉴定与划分。所有品种均在北京、武汉两地春播, 并选用部分代表性品种在18个国家大豆品种区域试验点进行补充试验。结果表明, 国家大豆品种区域试验对照品种的生育期组介于MG0~MGVI之间。不同区域的对照品种可归属相同的生育期组。北方春大豆区晚熟组、西北春大豆区、黄淮海夏大豆区及西南山区春大豆区的对照品种均属MGIII；长江流域春大豆区、热带亚热带夏大豆区对照品种属MGV或MGVI。热带亚热带春大豆区2个对照品种福豆301和泉豆7号所在生育期组差异较大, 分别归属MGII和MGIV。根据生育期组并考虑其他因素, 建议将黄淮海夏大豆品种区域试验组由目前3个组以黄河为界划分为2个组, 并对南方部分试验组进行调整。北方春大豆晚熟组和西北春大豆区对照品种尽管生育期组相当, 但因品种抗旱性要求不同, 建议分别设置区域试验。

Maturity Group Classification of Check Varieties in National Soybean Uniform Trials of China

Maturity Group (MG) is a widely-used system for soybean varieties classification in the world. However, it has not been adopted yet in China. In the current studies, we identified the MG catagories for 19 check varieties from the National Soybean Uniform Trials of China by comparing the check varieties with 38 MG standard varieties from the North America, which covered MG000–MGVIII. The check varieties from 16 trial groups represented most of the released soybean varieties in China. All standard and check varieties were sown in spring of Beijing and Wuhan, and the supplementary tests using local varieties were conducted in other 18 sites across the country. The results showed that the MGs of check varieties in the National Soybean Uniform Trials ranged from MG0 to MGVI. Some varieties from different trial groups could be classified into the same MGs, for example, MGIII included the varieties from the Late Group of the Northern Spring Planting Soybean Region, Northwest Spring Planting Soybean Region, all three (north, mid and south) zones of Huanghuaihai Summer Planting Soybean Region, and Southwest Mountainous Spring Planting Soybean Region; the varieties from Yangtze River Spring Planting Soybean Region and the Tropical and Subtropical Summer Planting Soybean Regions were classified into MGV and MGVI. Fudou 301 and Quandou 7, check vrieties from the Tropical and Subtropical Spring Planting Soybean Regions, belonged to MGII and MGIV, respectively. Based on the MG classification and other factors, the authors suggested that the Huanghuaihai Summer Planting Soybean Region can be changed to two (north and south) zones from the current three (north, mid, and south) zones, and the regionization of National Soybean Uniform trials in South China should also be modified. Late Maturity Group of the Northern Spring Planting Soybean Region and the Northwest Spring Planting Soybean Region, both belong to MGIII, should be separated because they are different ecotypes in drought tolerance. The results of this experiment pave the way for establishing the MG system based on biological identities of varieties in order to classify soybean varieties and regionalize the soybean production regions in China.