长江中下游地区二棱大麦品种更替中产量及氮代谢特性的演变

自50年代以来,长江中下游地区二棱大麦品种更替中,品种的产量平均每10年提高9.2％,但生物产量并没有增加,籽粒产量的增加主要是收获指数从0.31～0.35提高到0.44的结果。品种更替中,品种的有效穗数和分蘖成穗率增加,氮素吸收能力增强,并能更有效地运转到籽粒中去。但每穗实粒数和单穗粒重下降。早期品种对氮肥反应敏感,利用氮素较经济;近期品种的耐肥性较强。品种对氮肥的反应与其硝酸还原酶的活力有关。最后讨论了该地区今后大麦高产育种的努力方向。

Evolution of yield and nitrogen metabolism of two-rowed barley in the mid-lower Yangtze valley.

The potential yield of two-rowed barley has increased on an average of 9. 2% each decade during the varietal replacement of the mid-lower valley of Yangtze since 1950s , but btomass was not improved. The improvement of grain yield was attributed to an increase in harvest index from 0. 31-0. 35 to 0. 44. The percentage of effective ears and fertile tillers increased,and the nitrogen absorbing capacity increased and the nitrogen could be translocated to grain effectively.but kernel number and kernel weight per ear decreased during varietal replacement. The old varieties responded more sensitively to nitrogen and utilized nitrogen more efficiently to produce dry matter, and the modern varieties had higher tolerance to nitrogen fertilizer. The response of varieties to nitrogen was related to activity of nitrate reductase. The breeding of high producing two-rowed barley for that area was discussed.