南亚热带丘陵赤红壤区农业可持续发展的土壤水分管理探讨

焉耆盆地土壤盐渍化日趋严重,直接影响当地农业发展和生态环境建设。作者运用统计特征值、趋势面分析等方法,探讨了焉耆盆地土壤含盐量、盐分化学组成及其空间分布特征。结果发现:(1)除戈壁砾石带外,区内有近60%的土地处于强盐渍化和盐土状态,且主要为氯化物-硫酸盐型盐渍化;(2)荒地土壤的含盐量远大于农田区土壤;(3)表层土壤盐分具有从扇缘到湖滨逐渐增加的趋势,在灌区内土壤盐分随灌溉和排水而呈现季节性变化,但整体上处于脱盐状态。区内土壤盐渍化是在自然和人类活动共同作用下形成的,通过节水灌溉、合理开发地下水、完善灌排系统等措施可有效地改良盐渍土。

Management of Soil Water for Agriculture Sustainable Development in Latored Soils of South Subtropical Hilly Area

Soil salinization is a serious problem in Yanqi basin, Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region, and the agricultural development and the ecological environment are threatened. Based on analysis of the chemical composition of salt-affected soil and statistical analysis of its spatial distribution, it is concluded that: (1) the salt type involved in soil salinization is chlorinate-sulfate and about 60% of land is strong salinizated and saltier; (2) soil salinity is greater in natural areas than in farmland areas; (3) soil salinity increases from the fringe of the torrential fan to the shore of salted lake. In irrigated areas, soil salinity changes seasonally and decreases as a whole because of irrigation and drainage. The reasons for soil salinization include natural factors and human activity. Water-saving irrigation, rational groundwater exploitation and improved irrigation and drainage systems are effective measures to control soil salinization.