长白山森工集团天保工程生态效益动态变化

基于2000年底和2015年底,长白山森工集团森林资源二类调查数据和森林生态站长期监测数据,利用森林生态系统服务全指标体系,连续观测与清查(简称森林生态连清)体系,采用分布式测算方法,对研究区天然林生态系统,从涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、林木积累营养物质、净化大气环境和生物多样性保护等6项服务进行评估,量化并揭示长白山森工集团天保工程生态效益的动态变化.结果表明:在天保工程实施后,天然林各项生态系统服务物质量和价值量均呈现增加趋势,物质量增加量分别为涵养水源7.78亿t/a、保育土壤2 255.32万t/a、固碳释氧量191.87万t/a、林木积累营养物质6.35万t/a、释放负离子0.22×10”个/a、吸收污染物量2 879.16万kg/a、吸滞PM10总物质量122.43万kg/a、吸滞PM2.5总物质量18.38万kg/a;价值量增加381.75亿元/a,6项服务的价值量贡献顺序依次为生物多样性保护＞涵养水源＞保育土壤＞净化大气环境＞固碳释氧＞林木积累营养物质,其中,生物多样性保护和涵养水源为研究区天然林生态系统服务的主导功能.天保工程实施后,保育土壤功能的生态系统服务价值量增加量最大,占总增加量的27％,涵养水源次之,对该区天然林生态效益影响最大.该研究为天保工程的后续开展提供借鉴和参考,为天然林的经营管理提供科学依据和指导.

Dynamic change of natural forest ecological benefit in Changbai Forest Industry Group since implementation of natural forest protection project

[Background] In 1998,after the flood disaster,the state implemented Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP).This indicates that China's forestry transferred from wood production to ecological construction.NFPP is one of the six key forestry projects in China,but its ecological benefit assessment is less.[Methods] Based on forest resource inventory data and the field measurement database of long-term observation data in Changbai Forest Industry Group by the end of 2000 and 2015,combining the distributed calculation method,the continuous observation and periodical inventory of complete index system of forest ecosystem services (known as forest ecology continuous investigation) were applied to assess six services,including water conservation,soil conservation,carbon fixation and oxygen release,trees' nutrient accumulation,atmosphere purification,biodiversity conservation,and their characteristics were analyzed to quantify and reveal the dynamic changes of the ecological benefits of the NFPP in Changbai Forest Industry Group.[Results] The results showed that the quantity and value of services showed an increasing trend during the implementation of the NFPP.The increase and the growth rate of the five forest ecosystem services were:water conservation,7.78 × 108 t/a;soil conservation,2 255.32 × 104 t/a;carbon fixation and oxygen release,191.87 × 104 t/a;trees' nutrient accumulation,6.35 × 104 t/a,0.22 × 1023 negative ions/a;pollutant absorption,2 879.16 × 104 kg/a;PM10 adsorption,122.43 × 104 kg/a;PM2.5 adsorption,18.38 × 104 kg/a.During the implementation of natural forest protection project,the results showed that the total value of natural forest ecosystem services of Changbai Forest Industry Group increased by 381.75 billion/a.The order of values of the six service functions was as:biodiversity conservation,water conservation,soil conservation,atmosphere purification,carbon fixation and oxygen release order trees' nutrient accumulation.The value of biodiversity conservation and water conservation were more than 50％,which was the main ecosystem service function.[Conclusions] During the implementation of NFPP,the growth rate of soil conservation value was the largest,and water conservation was the second,which account for 27％ and 20％,respectively.The study provides reference for the development of natural forest protection project,and provides scientific basis and guidance for the management of natural forest.