天保工程对东北和内蒙古重点国有林区保育土壤生态效益的影响

为了直观地反映天然林资源保护工程所带来的生态效益,体现重大生态工程的巨大作用,实现林业及生态的可持续发展,依据LY/T1721-2008《森林生态服务功能评估规范》,应用分布式测算方法,对东北和内蒙古重点国有林区天保工程保育土壤物质量及价值量进行评估.结果表明:1)截至2015年,9个优势树种固土和保肥总量分别为13.17亿t/a和8 203.72万t/a,比天保工程实施前分别增加2.36亿t/a和1 738.23万t/a;2)9个优势树种固土和保肥总价值分别为905.29和2 408.92亿元/a,比天保工程实施前分别增加455.44和699.69亿元/a;3)桦木林和阔叶混交林固土效益突出,而红松林和樟子松林固土效益不显著;落叶松林和阔叶混交林保肥效益均最好,樟子松林保肥效益较差;4)对森林实施保护,能有效改善其生态系统服务功能,使森林保育土壤生态效益得到相应的提升.研究为评估天保工程区森林的其他生态服务功能,以及后续天保工程的实施提供科学依据.

Evaluation on the influence of natural forest protection program on soil conservation and ecological benefits in Key State-owned Forest Districts in Northeast China-Inner Mongolia Area

[Background] In recent years,China has carried out a series of major ecological restoration projects,such as the Three-north Forest Protection Project (TFPP),Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) and Grain for Green Project(GTGP).The government invested huge funds for the construction of these projects.The soil conservation and the ecological benefits of these ecological restoration projects have aroused widespread concern.[Methods] There have 7 forest industry groups in the NFPP area of the Key State-owned Forest Districts in Northeast China-Inner Mongolia.The total area of the project is 3 589.97 × 104 hm2.Three data sets were combined.First,the forest resources inventory data set;second,forest ecological inventory data set and third,the social public dataset issued by authoritative organizations in China.Then,the ecological benefits and economic values of the study area before and after the NFPP based on the function of soil conservation and ecological benefits were assessed with the forest ecosystem services assessment specification (LY/T 1721-2008) and the distributed measurement method.In addition,the study area was according to the ecological function areas,forestry bureau and dominant tree species and age,combined with the comparative observation of different site conditions to determine relatively homogeneous estimates of ecosystem services unit as 14 770.Thus,the temporal and spatial diversity of forest ecosystems in the study area was considered.[Results] 1) Up to the 2015,the total amount of the 9 dominant trees species of soil fixation and fertility maintenance was 131 724.91 ×104 t/a and 8 203.72 × 104 t/a,respectively.Compared with the prior to the implementation of NFPP,it increased 23 609.02 × 104 t/a and 1 738.23 × 104 t/a,respectively.2) The value of the 9 dominant trees species of soil fixation and fertility maintenance was 905.29 × 108 RMB Yuan/a and 2 408.92 × 108 RMB Yuan/a,respectively.It increased 455.44 × 108 RMB Yuan/a and 699.69 × 108 RMB Yuan/a,respectively,when compared with the prior to the implementation of NFPP.3) The soil fixation in ecobenefits of Betula spp.forest and broadleaf mixed forest were significant,while that in the Pinus koraiensis forest and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica forest was not so.The fertility maintenance in the Larix spp.forest and broadleaf mixed forest had the best eco-benefits,but the P.sylvestris var.mongolica forest had the poor eco-benefits.4) Forest protection effectively improved the ecosystem service function,so that the eco-benefits of forest conservation can be improved.[Conclusions] Over time,with the implementation of the NFPP,the soil conservation function of forest in this study area and even the national NFPP's area must have a significant improvement.Of course,other ecological services function of the NFPP's area also needs further study.Accordingly,it will provide scientific reference for the evaluation of ecological benefits for the follow-up of this project.