秋水仙素对辣椒生长的影响及多倍体诱导效应研究

以秋水仙素为诱变剂,比较了不同浓度和不同处理时长组合下辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)的生长差异和多倍体诱导效应.结果表明:和对照植株相比,所有处理变异植株在形态上表现为叶片宽大,叶色较深,茎变粗且节间距长,气孔增大;相关指标都表现出显著或极显著的差异,而且随着处理强度的增加差异更为明显.秋水仙素诱导产生的变异植株经染色体倍性鉴定植株表征为嵌合体(2 n=24或2 n=48).相同处理时长下,不同浓度秋水仙素溶液对辣椒多倍体诱导效应差异显著,而对相同浓度下不同处理时长对植株叶片数和气孔面积影响差异不显著(P>0.05),其它指标差异极显著(P<0.01).秋水仙素浓度与处理时长之间存在交互作用,不同处理之间除气孔面积差异不显著之外,其它指标间差异显著或极显著.结合加倍率和植株死亡率综合分析后认为,用0.05%的秋水仙素溶液处理6天诱导效果最佳,诱导诱导加倍率可达26.1%.

Studies on the Influence of Colchicine on Growth and Multiploid Induction of Bush Redpepper Capsicum annuum L.

In this paper, the polyploidy-induction effects of colchicine on pepper Capsicum annuum L. With different concentration (0. 01%, 0. 03%, 0. 05%) and treated time (2 d, 4 d, 6 d) were studied. The results showed that the chromosome number of variant plants varied with cells which had 4 n = 48 chromosomes and some was 2 n = 24 chromosomes. Contrasted to normal diploid plants (ck), the induced plants exhibited the morphologic characteristics with thicker and larger leaves, larger stomata and stronger stems with longer length per stem stalk. Relevant indexes all showed significant or extreme significant differences, and the difference increased with intensity of treatment. Induced plants showed chimera through ploidy determinion (2 n to plant chimeras 2 n = 24 or 48). With the same treating time, the polyploidy-induction effects of colchicine on pepper Capsicum annuuml was different in different concentration, but in the same concentration, the number of leaves and stomata of induced plant had no obvious difference with different treating time(p ＞0.05), but others had extreme difference(p ＜ 0.01). There had some interaction between colchicine concertration and treating time. In all treatments, only stomato area had no obvious difference, the others indexes were different significantly or extreme significantly each other. Based on the integrative analysis, it was concluded that the best combination of colchicine solution concentration and processing time was the best combination of 0.05% induced 6d, and the induction rate could reach 26.1 %.