无驱动式自动调平水田埋秆起浆整地机设计与试验

为解决东北稻区秸秆全量还田条件下，现有驱动式搅浆机存在动力消耗大、严重破坏土壤结构并使得秸秆漂浮等问题，设计了一种无驱动式自动调平水田埋秆起浆整地机，机具前排星形耙片细碎土壤并掩埋秸秆，后排轧滚进一步碎土埋秆，平地装置平整地表，由电液控制系统实现自动调平，能够为水稻插秧作业创造优良地块条件。通过理论分析和优化设计，确定了优化后星形耙片的各项结构参数和排列方式；设计了带有齿板和刀齿的轧滚，倾斜布置的齿板和直立的刀齿分别对土壤进行横向与纵向的滑切，可提高碎土埋秆效果；改进设计了平地板，〖JP2〗确定了板高为150mm，并针对前进速度、板宽、推压角开展了仿真试验，得到最优工作参数为：前进速度2.4km/h、板宽290mm、推压角44°；采用中心不动法的调平策略，设计了基于倾角传感器和PID算法的自动调平电液控制系统，实现了自动调平系统的快速平稳控制。田间试验结果表明，整机作业后地表平整度为0.73cm，秸秆覆盖率为91.4%，压茬深度为5.98cm，泥浆度为1.18g/cm3，机具各项指标均优于国家标准，该设计可为东北稻区秸秆全量还田条件下水整地机具研究提供参考。

Design and Experiment of Undriven Soil Puddling Machine with Improved Auto-leveling and Straw-burying Design for Paddy Field

In order to solve the problem that the existing driven pulping machine has too much power consumption, seriously damages the soil structure and lets the straw float under the condition of returning the straw to the field in the northeast rice area, an undriven soil puddling machine with improved automatic-leveling and straw burying functions was designed for paddy rice field. The machine consisted of a rack, a star rake group, a rolling roll, a leveling device and a flat device. The star rake in the front can finely crush the soil and bury the straw, and the rolling in the back can further finely crush the soil and press bury the straw. The flat device can level the surface, and the electro-hydraulic control system can automatically level the ground, which can create excellent plot conditions for rice transplanting operation. Through theoretical analysis and optimization design, the structural parameters and arrangement of the star-shaped rake were determined. The rolling roller was equipped with tooth plate and cutter tooth, and the tooth plate with inclined arrangement and the cutter tooth with upright were used to cut the soil laterally and longitudinally respectively, which can improve the effect of burying straw in fine soil. The flat floor was improved and the height of the flat floor was determined to be 150mm. Simulation tests were carried out on the forward speed, plate width and pushing angle. The optimal working parameters of the flat floor were obtained as follows: forward speed was 2.4km/h, plate width was 290mm and pushing angle was 44°. Electronic hydraulic control system of automatic leveling based on inclination sensor and PID algorithm was designed by using the center stationary leveling strategy, which realized the fast and stable control of the automatic leveling system. Filed experimental results showed that the surface flatness of the whole machine after operation was 0.73cm, the straw coverage rate was 91.4%, the stubble depth was 5.98cm, and the slush degree was 1.18g/cm3. The indicators of the machine and tools were better than the national standards. The design can provide a reference for the research of the water ground preparation machine and tools under the condition of full straw returning to the field in northeast rice region.