黄淮海平原耕作单元地块几何特征及其对机械耕作的影响——基于河北省曲周县的实证分析

为揭示平原地区耕作单元地块的几何特征及其对机械耕作的影响,以黄淮海平原曲周县为样地进行了实证分析。研究发现,耕作单元地块的平均面积、平均长度、平均宽度分别为0.16hm2、102.2m、17.1m,且其面积、长度、宽度的数值均分布离散。耕作单元地块的长度与面积呈显著(P0.01)正相关,函数关系呈幂函数特征。耕作单元地块长度与宽度呈显著(P0.01)负相关。每公顷耕地因耕作单元地块田埂边界的存在会产生非有效耕地0.03hm2。耕作单元地块的边界密度、平均宽度之间呈显著(P0.01)负相关,函数关系呈幂函数特征。耕作单元地块的形状呈狭长形,其长边方向不一致,且交通不便。单个农户耕作单元地块的位置分布离散。因耕作单元地块的面积较小、长度较短,其平均机耕效率、平均机耕工作行程率均较低。在黄淮海平原农用地整治中,应切实进行耕作单元地块归并及耕地规模化流转,以增加耕作单元地块的面积、长度,改善耕作单元地块的空间布局。

Study on the plots' geometrical feature and its effects on the mechanized farming in Huang-Huai-Hai plain:An empirical study of Quzhou County in Hebei Province

In order to reveal the geometrical feature of plots and its effects on mechanized farming in plain,demonstration analysis was conducted by taking Quzhou County,which is located in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,as study object.The results show that the average size,length and width of plots are respectively 0.16 hm²,102.2 m,and 17.1 m.The values of plots'' area,length and width show discrete distribution.The plots'' length is positively correlated significantly(P<0.01) with the plots'' area and the quantitative relationships between them follow power function.The plots'' length is negatively correlated(P<0.01)with the plots'' width.The earthen rows cover an area of 0.03 hm² in one hectare of farmland.In farmland,the density of earthen rows is negative correlated significantly(P<0.01) with the average width of plots,the quantitative relations between the density of earthen rows and the average width of plots follow power function.The plots'' shape is long and narrow as a whole.The longer sides of the plots go in different direction and transportation is inefficient among the plots.The position of farmer''s plots show discrete distribution.Because the plots'' size is smaller and its length is shorter,the value of plots'' mechanized farming efficiency and working stroke rate cannot reach the critical value.In the process of agricultural land consolidation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,several separated plots of a farm family must be merged into one,and land scale circulation should be held among farmers to increase the plots'' area and length to critical value,and to improve the plots'' spatial layout.