农牧交错区农牧户生计与土地利用问题研究——以内蒙古科尔沁左翼后旗农户调研为例

基于问卷调查、数理统计等方法,利用科左后旗农牧户的调研数据,研究农牧交错区农牧户生计策略与土地利用状况。结果表明:1)农业依旧是当地最主要的生计来源,农户生计与土地利用状况与区域自然环境有密切联系,水土条件差、蒙族聚集的区域,农户生计以种养结合为主,土地利用的投入集约度偏低;而土壤条件好,降雨充沛的区域,农户生计以种植为主,土地利用投入集约度明显较高。2)不同自然条件下的农户家庭生计策略选择对土地利用的影响趋同,表现为农户的土地投入集约度随种植业收入占家庭收入比例的升高有明显变大的趋势。3)农户在土地利用过程中仍然存在开垦行为,这种行为在自然条件较差的区域表现的更加显著。基于以上分析,以减少农户对自然环境的依赖,提高生计水平为目标,采取分区、分对象的手段提出了相应的政策建议。

Farmers' livelihood and land use in the farming-pastoral transitional zone: A case study of Kerqinzuoyihouqi,Inner Mongolia

Based on questionnaire investigation and mathematical statistics,the survey data of farm household in Kezuohouqi of farming pastoral area,farmers livelihood strategies and land utilization are explored.The results showed that:1) Agriculture is still the main source of livelihood,and there are obvious differences between farmers'' livelihoods and land use under different natural conditions.Household type is mainly the type of combining planting and breeding.And the intensive degree of land input is very low in the area of poor soil and water conditions and Mongolian people gather.In the areas of good soil condition and abundant rainfall,the type of farmers is mainly planting,and the intensive degree of land inputs is significantly higher.2) Under different natural areas,farmers'' choices of livelihood strategy have the same influence on land use,in other words,the intensity of land use degree has a significant tendency to increase with the increase of the proportion of household income.3) Farmers are likely to reclaimed land in the process of land using,especially in the area of poor natural conditions.In conclusion,In order to reduce the dependence on the natural environment and improve the livelihood level,the corresponding recommendations for different regions and objects are put forwarded.