长江中下游地区水稻产量差及分布特征研究

结合我国水稻生产实际,构建了水稻产量差定量化研究模型,并对长江中下游地区水稻产量差进行了定量化研究。结果表明:长江中下游地区早稻、中稻、晚稻的潜在产量、高产试验产量、品种区试产量和大田平均产量之间存在显著的产量差,其中大田平均产量与品种区试产量间的产量差(GV)分别为2 024、1 455和1 835kg/hm2;与高产试验产量间的产量差(GE)分别为3 864、5 196和4 601kg/hm2;与潜在产量间的产量差(GM)为9 990、15 135和13 246kg/hm2,区内水稻产量提升空间较大。早稻、中稻、晚稻不同层次产量差在各省份间的分布差异很大;同一省内,同一层次产量差在不同季节类型水稻间的表现也不同。但从整个区域来看,GV:早稻>晚稻>中稻,GE和GM均为:中稻>晚稻>早稻。因此,发展双季稻,恢复双季稻的面积是短期内提升该区水稻总产的有效途径。

Researches on rice yield gaps and their distribution characteristicsin middle and lower area of Yangtze River Valley

Crop yield can be divided into different levels,the differences between different crop levels were considered to be yield gaps.Based on rice production situation in China,this paper constructed the regional crop yield gap quantitative model and quantified the rice yield gaps in middle and lower area of Yangtze River Valley.The results showed that the rice yield gaps between yields of farmer field and yields of regional trials,yields of high production demonstration and potential yields were significant in middle and lower area of Yangtze River Valley.The GV of first crop rice,medium crop rice,second crop rice were 2 024,1 455 and 1 835 kg/hm2,respectively.The GE were 3 864,5 196 and 4 601 kg/hm2,the GM were 9 990,15 135 and 13 246 kg/hm2,respectively.The distribution characteristics of different gaps in various types of rice were different.The distribution of same gap in different types of rice in a same province was also different.But in the whole region,the GV of first crop rice and second crop rice were larger than that of medium crop rice.The GE and GM of medium crop rice were bigger than that of first crop rice and second crop rice.Therefore,these results will be useful for improving rice production in the next few years by restoring the double crop rice area and increasing the rice yield.