利用微卫星标记分析云南6个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性

通过选用30个多态性较好的微卫星标记,检测了云南省武定鸡、茶花鸡、云龙矮脚鸡、盐津乌骨鸡、腾冲雪鸡和西双版纳斗鸡共6个地方鸡品种的遗传多样性。利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和群体间的DA遗传距离。结果表明:30个微卫星位点中有24个微卫星位点在6个鸡群体中的多态信息含量为高度多态,还有6个微卫星位点为中度多态,这些位点均可作为有效的遗传标记用于各鸡品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析中;在6个品种中,武定鸡杂合度最低,为0.602 3,腾冲雪鸡杂合度最高,为0.668 9,杂合度的高低与PIC值的大小体现了较高的一致性。对DA遗传距离的计算结果表明,体型较小的茶花鸡与其他大中型鸡品种距离均较远。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果6个鸡品种被聚为3类:云龙矮脚鸡、盐津乌骨鸡和武定鸡聚为一类;腾冲雪鸡和西双版纳斗鸡聚为一类;茶花鸡独自为一类,这与几个鸡品种的来源、分化、选育历史及地理分布是一致的。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Microsatellite Marker of Chicken Breeds Indigenous to Yunnan Province of China

The genetic diversity of 6 indigenous chicken breeds in Yunnan province using microsatellite markers was studied.Those chicken breeds included Yunlong short-legged,Yanjin silky,Wuding,Tengchongxue,Xishuangbanna game and Chahua chicken.The genetic parameters of polymorphism information content(PIC),mean heterozygosity(H) and D_A genetic distances of the 6 indigenous chicken breeds were analyzed by 30 microsatellite markers with medium or high polymorphism.The clustering dendrogram was obtained eventually based on D_A genetic distances of the 30 microsatellite markers.The results showed that the 30 microsatellite loci were effective markers for analysis of genetic relationship(among) the chicken breeds.The mean heterozygosity of Wuding chicken was the lowest(0.602 3),that of Tengchongxue chicken was the highest(0.668 9),and that of other breeds was also more than 0.5.The order of the heterozygosity was consistent with that of PIC.UPGMA tree was obtained through analysis of D_A genetic distances.In the tree,Yunlong short-legged chicken,Yanjin silky and Wuding chicken were first grouped together,Tengchongxue chicken and Xishuangbanna game chicken were second grouped together,but Chahua chicken had its own branch.In summary,the UPGMA tree well reflected their resource,breeding history,differentiation and distribution.