铃期极端高温对转iaaM基因棉花棉铃产量性状、纤维品质和棉仁营养品质的影响

近年来,随着全球气候变化,极端高温气候的频繁出现给棉花生产带来了极大影响。为了解转iaaM基因棉花种质的高温适应性,以陆地棉标准系TM-1、转iaaM基因种质IF11及其相同遗传背景的IF11_(无)为材料,对比分析了3个棉花种质在2013年棉花铃期极端高温与2012年相对正常温度条件下棉铃产量性状、纤维品质和棉仁营养品质的差异,探讨极端高温条件对棉花产量和品质的影响。研究结果表明:铃期极端高温条件下,籽棉单铃质量、籽指和仁指明显下降,纤维长度、纤维强度和马克隆值等级降低,棉仁棉酚含量降低,脂肪酸不饱和度降低,蛋白质和粗脂肪的含量变化趋势则存在品种间差异;3个材料中,转iaaM基因种质的棉铃产量性状降低程度最大,而纤维品质表现相对稳定;IF11棉仁蛋白含量略有下降,粗脂肪含量显著增加,棉酚含量降低幅度最大。

Effect of extreme high temperature on boll yield traits,fiber quality and cottonseed kernel nutrient quality of iaaM transgenic germplasm of cotton in bolling stage

With the global climate changing in recent years, the frequent occurrence of extreme high temperature climate has brought a great impact on the production of cotton. In order to understand the high temperature adaptability of iaaM transgenic cotton germplasm, with standard upland cotton lines TM-1, iaaM transgenic germplasm IF11 and its same genetic background germplasm IF11_(no) as materials, the difference of boll yield traits, fiber quality and cotton kernel nutritional quality of 3 cotton germplasms between 2012 (with relatively normal temperature in bolling stage) and 2013(with extreme high temperature conditions in bolling stage) were analyzed to explore the impact of extreme high temperature on the yield and quality of cotton. The results showed that the boll weight, seed index and kernel index, fiber length, fiber strength and micronaire grade decreased, the gossypol content of cottonseed kernel reduced, unsaturated fatty acids decreased, while the changes of protein and crude fat content were different among 3 germplasms under the extreme high temperature conditions in bolling period. Among 3 germplasms, the boll yield traits of iaaM transgenic germplasm IF11 decreased greatly but fiber quality was relatively stable, the kernel protein content of IF11 decreased slightly, crude fat content increased significantly, and gossypol content decreased the most under the condition of extremely high temperature at the cotton bolling stage.