水稻主要粒型基因及其遗传调控的研究进展

水稻粒型是决定产量最重要的因素之一。籽粒大小主要是受遗传因子的严格调控。目前,已经克隆了多个控制水稻籽粒大小的(QTL),这些QTL可以作用在独立的遗传途径,与其他已鉴定的粒型基因一起主要参与蛋白酶体降解、激素和G蛋白介导的信号途径,调节细胞增殖和细胞伸长。本文综述了近年来克隆的主要控制水稻籽粒大小的QTL及其调控的分子机制,为理解粒型的分子遗传基础和水稻遗传改良提供理论依据。

Research Progress in Major Genes Controlling Grain Shape of Rice and Their Genetic Regula-tion

Grain shape is one of the most important yield traits in rice. Seed size was mainly regulated by genetic factors strictly. A number of quantitative trait loci ( QTLs) for grain size have been cloned by far. These QTLs may act in inde-pendent genetic pathways and, together with other identified QTL for grain shape, are mainly involved in proteasome deg-radation, hormones, and G-protein-mediated signaling pathways by regulating cell proliferation and cell elongation. In this review, we summarized recent research progress on the cloned QTL of grain size and its molecular mechanism, in or-der to understand the molecular basement of grain shape and provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of rice.