低播种量下杂交稻不同机械化种植方式的产量构成及特征

【目的】比较低播种量下杂交稻不同机械化种植方式的产量构成及特征,探索杂交稻机械化种植方法。【方法】在广东省肇庆市和江门市进行了早、晚稻毯状苗机插和麻膜毯状苗机插2种机械化种植方式对比试验,以钵苗人工手插为对照,采用低播种量精密播种培育壮秧,配合插秧机精准栽插。【结果】当播种量为每盘65 g芽种时,早、晚稻试验中2种机插与钵苗人工手插的实际产量差异为0.17%～0.66%和1.01%～3.24%,差异不显著;有效穗数是产量的主要影响因子,提高杂交稻产量的关键是保证适度有效穗数;不同种植方式穗部性状差异主要表现为二次枝梗数的差异,一次枝梗数差异较小。【结论】毯状苗机插可以在低播种量下通过提高中穗占比、大穗和中穗累计占比和协调结实率等因素实现高产栽培。

Yield components and characteristics of hybrid rice with different mechanical transplanting methods under low sowing rate

Objective To compare yield components and characterisitcs of hybrid rice with different mechanical transplanting methods under low sowing rate, and explore mechanical transplanting methods for hybrid rice.Method Two kinds of mechanical transplanting methods (mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling and mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling with bast fiber mulch film ) for early and late rice under low sowing rate were arranged and compared in Zhaoqing and Jiangmen in Guangdong Province. Artificial transplanting of pot seedling was used as the control. The robust seedlings were cultivated by precision sowing with low sowing rate. The accurate transplanting was achieved by transplanter.Result When the sowing rate was 65 g buds per plate, there was no significant difference between the actual yields of two kinds of mechanical transplanting and artificial transplanting of pot seedling, and the differences among three different transplanting methods in early and late rice experiments were 0.17%-0.66% and 1.01%-3.24%. The effective panicle number was the key influencing factor of yield. Ensuring moderate effective panicle number was the key for raising yield. The main difference of panicle traits of different transplanting methods was found in the number of secondary branch. There was little difference in the number of primary branch.Conclusion Mechanical transplanting of blanket seedling can realize high yield by increasing the proportions of middle panicle, cumulative proportion of large and middle panicles, and coordinating seed setting rate and other factors under low sowing rate.