青海东部地区春油菜需肥规律的研究

[目的]寻找最适合青海东部地区春油菜生长的施肥比例。[方法]采用4＋X试验设计方案研究油菜在不同N、P、K肥施用量组合下各生物学性状与施肥的关系,并对所设5个处理进行对比,寻找出最优施肥量组合。[结果]春油菜在相同时期对N、P、K的需求呈现出一定的规律性,苗期养分吸收为N〉K〉P,抽薹期至盛花期对养分的吸收为N≈K〉P,结荚期对养分的吸收为K〉N〉P,成熟期对养分的吸收为N〉K〉P。因此,根据油菜的需肥规律,在苗期、抽薹期、花期和成熟期均应注重施用N肥,花期、结荚期和成熟期加强P、K肥的配合施用。[结论]青海东部地区春油菜生长的施肥最佳N∶P2O5∶K2O配比为1.00∶0.14∶0.94。

Fertilizer Demand Law of Spring Rape in Eastern Qinghai Province

[Objective] To find the optimum fertilizer proportion for spring rape in eastern Qinghai Province of China.[Method] The 4+X experimental design was used to investigate the effects of different N∶ P∶ K proportions on biological traits of spring rape.The optimum fertilizer proportion was found by comparing five treatments.[Result] The spring rape required N,P and K regularly at the same stage.The fertilizer requirements in seedling stage,from bolting stage to flowing stage,in pod-setting stage and in mature stage were N>K>P,N≈K>P,K>N>P and N>K>P,respectively.Therefore,attention should be paid to application of N fertilizer in seedling stage,bolting stage,flowing stage and mature stage,and to application of K fertilizer in flowering stage,pod-setting stage and mature stage.[Conclusion] The best proportion of N∶ P2O5∶ K2O is 1.00∶ 0.14∶ 0.94 for spring rape in eastern Qinghai Province.