苹果苗木类型和栽植时间对幼树生长特性的影响

【目的】为了研究不同栽植时间下不同苗木类型的生长特性,【方法】以3 a生‘长富2号’/‘M26’/八棱海棠为试材,测定3个栽植时间(2010年3月10日、4月10日和5月10日)下分枝苗、去分枝苗和单干苗生长特性相关指标。【结果】5月份栽植植株的生长势弱于3、4月栽植的植株;单干苗生长势弱于分枝苗和去分枝苗。栽植后第2年,3、4月栽植植株的株高、主干粗度显著大于5月栽植的植株。去分枝苗和单干苗株高显著大于分枝苗。3种苗木类型主干粗度依次为分枝苗>去分枝苗>单干苗,且相互差异显著。分枝苗和去分枝苗冠径显著大于单干苗。栽植后第3年,分枝苗的花芽数显著高于去分枝苗和单干苗。【结论】苹果苗木在冷藏条件下,4月栽植是可行的,本试验中3月份栽植较为适宜。分枝苗有利于促进幼树提早开花结果。

Effects of nursery type and planting date on vegetative growth characteristics of the young apple tree

【Objective】The objective of this research was to study the growth characteristics of the different types of nursery planted on different planting date.【Method】 3-year-old apple(Malus domestica Borth.)cultivar 'Fuji Nagafu No.2'/'M26'/ Malus prunifolia(Willd.) Borkh were used as material and,two factor completely random block design was involved including 3 planting dates i.e.March 10,April 10 and May 10 in 2010,and 3 types of nursery i.e.branched tree,branch removed tree and unbranched tree.In the first year after planting,the survival rate,and the increase dynamics of tree height,shoot length and trunk diameter were investigated,the characteristics of branch,leaf and canopy were observed in the second year,and the flower number was counted in the third year.【Result】The results showed that: the survival rate of all treatments were higher than 95%.Both planting date and nursery type had significant effect on growth potential.The trees planted in May showed low growth potential,compared with trees planted in other dates.The unbranched trees had the lowest growth potential.In the second year after planting,the tree planted in May had lower height,smaller trunk diameter and shorter shoot length.The height of branch removed trees and unbranched trees had no differences,but both were significantly higher than the branched trees.The diameter of the branched tree was the largest while that of the unbranched tree was the smallest.The differences in the trunk diameter of the three nursery types were significant.The canopy width of branched trees and branch removed trees were larger than that of unbranched trees.The number of second-order branches in branched trees was the most and significantly more than that in branch removed trees and unbranched trees.The flower number of branched trees in the third year were significantly more than that of the branch removed trees and unbranched trees.【Conclusion】The results suggested that the suitable planting timing in Guanzhong area was in early March and the branched nursery could result in early fruiting.