固体发酵技术在油料饼粕合成高附加值微生物代谢产物中的研究进展

随着加工技术的快速发展，油料饼粕简单直接的低值化应用已经无法满足产业的需求，如何将其合理转 化为高附加值产品是当前社会亟需解决的问题。固体发酵技术由于具有高效、节能、环保等优势而备受关注。近 年来，越来越多的研究者针对油料饼粕的特性，利用高通量筛选、代谢工程和人工诱变等方法获得了大量能够有效 利用油料饼粕的微生物，以合成高附加值微生物代谢产物，如酶、抗生素、多不饱和脂肪酸、多肽等。本文综述了固 体发酵技术在油料饼粕合成高附加值微生物代谢产物中的关键影响因素，包括微生物种类、油料饼粕种类和营养 特性、发酵工艺、以及高附加值产物分类等，讨论了固体发酵技术在油料饼粕应用中存在的问题，为油料饼粕等一 大类农业副产物的高值化转化提供了新的思路和展望。

Research progress of solid fermentation technology in biosynthesis of high value-added microbial metabolites by utilization of oil crop cake and meal

With the rapid development of processing technology, the direct and low valuable application of oil crop cakes and meals has been unable to meet the needs of industry. How to rationally convert the agricultural byproducts into high value-added products is an urgent problem to be solved currently. Solid state fermentation has attracted much attention due to its advantages of high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection. The use of oil crop cakes and meals to synthesize high value-added microbial metabolites by solid state fermentation has become one of the research hotspots. In recent years, more and more researchers have used high-throughput screening, metabolic engineering, artificial mutagenesis and other methods to obtain a larger number of microorganisms that can effectively utilize oil crop cakes and meals to synthesize high value-added products, such as enzymes, antibiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids and peptides. This article reviewed the key influencing factors of solid state fermentation technology in synthesis of high value-added microbial metabolites from oil crop cakes and meals, including microbial species, types and nutritional characteristics of oil crops and meals, processes of solid state fermentation, and synthesis of highly additional metabolites. It also discussed the challenges of solid state fermentation technology in the application of oil crops and meals, and provided new ideas for synthesize high value-added microbial metabolites by solid state fermentation with oil crop cakes and meals.