高黎贡山自然保护区东坡水平带蚂蚁群落研究

研究了高黎贡山东坡水平带蚂蚁群落特征，结果表明，除中南段2500m等高线外，东坡各水平带的不同位置均有特有种。在1000m、1500m、2000m、2500m等高线上，从北到南特有种数目依次递增，但北段1500m和2000m等高线出现特有种增高例外。在东坡不同海拔等高线上，大多数物种只在1个样地中表现为优势种，北段与南段的优势种通常不同。在1000m和2000m等高线上北段的优势种多于南段，而在1500m等高线上南段优势种多于北段，2500m等高线上不同地段优势种趋于相等。东坡水平带上物种数目和密度表现出普遍规律性。从北到南，1000m和2500m等高线上物种数目和密度依次递增，在1500m等高线上物种数目和密度依次递减。在1000m等高线上优势度、多样性和均匀度具有明显规律性。从北到南，优势度依次递减，多样性和均匀度依次递增，但在北段出现例外。在1500m、2000m和2500m等高线上，蚂蚁群落的优势度、多样性和均匀度缺乏规律性，可能与植被的次生化和片断化等因素有关。尽管东坡水平带上同一海拔植被类型相似，但是蚂蚁群落之间差异显著，相似性系数在0－0．50之间。山体下部1000m等高线上蚂蚁群落之间相似性较大，相似性系数在0．25－0．50之间。随着海拔增加，同一水平带上群落之间相似性减小。

A Study on the Ant Community of Horizontal Band on the East Slope of the Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve

On the east slope of Gaoligong Mountain each section has its endemic ant species except the middle south section at 2 500 m. From north to south, the amount of endemic species increases at 1 000 m,1 500 m, 2 000 m and 2 500 m contours, but the north section at 1 500 m and 2 000 m has exceptionally high endemic species amount. Most species appears as dominant species only in a sample plot at different altitude contour on the east slope, and dominant species of the north section are commonly different from that of the south section. Dominant species amount of north section are higher than that of south section at 1 000 m and 2 000 m contours, in contrast dominant species amount of north section is lower than that of south section at 1 500 m. At 2 500 m, dominant species amount of different sections tends to be equal. A common regularity is shown in species amount and density at horizontal band on the east slope. From north to south, species amount and density increase at 1 000 m and 2 500 m contours but decrease at 1 500 m. Obvious regularity is also observed in predominant index, species diversity index and evenness index at 1 000 m contour. From north to south, predominant indices decrease but diversity indices and evenness indices increase with exception at north section. Due to the secondary and fragmentation of vegetation, ant communties have no regularity in predominant index, species diversity index and evenness index at 1 500 m, 2 000 m and 2 500 m contours.Although the east slope with similar vegetation type at same contour, ant communities have distinct difference from one to another and with similarity coefficients range from 0 to 0 50. At 1 000 m on the foot of the mountain, similarity coefficients among ant communities are higher and range from 0 25 to 0 50. While the altitude increasing, similarity coefficients among ant communities at the same horizontal band decrease.