40年来大豆遗传育种科学的进展及东北农学院的大豆遗传育种研究工作

本文通过40年来世界大豆生产形势的变化,主要论述了40年来大豆遗传育种科学的进展及东北农学院大豆遗传育种研究工作情况。

ADVANCE OF WORLD SOYBEAN GENETICS AND BREEDING AND RESEARCH WORKS OF THE NORTHEAST AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE DURING THE LAST FORTY YEARS

In the field of research work of soybean genetics and breeding since the last 40 years the Northeast agricultural College (NEAC) followed closely the up-to-date world trend, and seemed to be more advanced on topics of breeding through interspecific hybridization, breeding for appropriate ecological types,and breeding for super-early caltivars. Several outstanding soybean cultivars have been developed and released in large scale during the last 40 years.Study on varietal response of soybean to different ecological conditions, and regionalization of the ecological adaptation regions had been taken as the pre-requsite work in all the countries undertaking soybean, breeding program. In the Fifties the released soybean cultivar Don-non 1 characteristic on stiff stem and adaptable to mechanical harvesting was the milestone of soybean breeding for lodging resistance in China. A "mass-pedigree selection method" and a "pod detaching method" were suggested for soybean cross-breeding. The outstanding cultivars Don-non 4, 34 and 37 were developed by use of such methods, and such methods have also been well adopted as the current soybean breeding methods to replace the traditional pedigree method. The development of the super-early and high protein content soybean cultivar Don-non 36 had earned great interest and attention from both domestic and foreign soybean breeders. The NEAC started to undertake breeding resistance for soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and frogeye spot disease and has obtained a certain achievement on genetic study of soybean protein content as well as breeding for high protein cultivars. The NEAC has also achieved national-wide advance by use of wild and semi-wild soybeans for interspecific hybridization.