小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶及其控制基因研究进展

小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase，PPO）活性是引起面制食品褐变的主要原因。目前常用测试小麦籽粒PPO活性的方法为邻苯二酚法和LDOPA法等。基因型和环境均对小麦籽粒PPO活性产生显著影响，但基因型是最为主要的决定因素。影响小麦籽粒PPO活性的基因主要位于2AL染色体上的PpoA1位点和2DL染色体上的PpoD1位点。目前，在PpoA1位点已发现7种等位变异类型，在PpoD1位点已发现4种等位变异类型，其中PpoA1b和PpoD1a类型表现出低PPO活性，而PpoA1a和PpoD1b类型则表现出高PPO活性。依据其序列特征，已经有PPO16、PPO18、PPO29和PPO33等多个籽粒PPO活性基因的功能性分子标记被开发，从而为以颜色为目标的小麦品质改良提供了有力的技术支撑。本文综述了小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶的检测方法及其遗传特征，并重点阐述了小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶的基因克隆、等位变异类型及其功能性分子标记研发情况，旨在为我国小麦品质改良及小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶活性的遗传研究提供一定的理论依据和有用信息。

Advance on the Polyphenol Oxidase and Its Controlling Genes in Wheat Grain

Polyphenol oxidase(PPO) activity is one of the most important factors causing undesirable brown discoloration of end-use products of wheat.At present,the methods of Catechol and L-DOBA were very prevalent for detecting PPO activity in wheat.PPO activity could be influenced significantly by genotype and environment while genotype was the most important factor for determining PPO activity in wheat.The genes controlling kernel PPO activity were located on the long arm of chromosomes 2A and 2D and named as loci...