洪堡洋流系统内重要渔业资源对气候和海洋环境变化的响应研究进展

洪堡洋流系统支撑着世界上最大的中上层渔业,同时也是受到气候胁迫最为显著的海洋东边界流系统,其内部中上层物种丰度和分布均受到季节性、年际和年代际气候变化的强烈影响。本文概述了洪堡洋流系统的海况,梳理东南太平洋渔业状况,并围绕秘鲁鳀(Engraulis japonious)、智利竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、远东拟沙丁鱼(Sardinops sagax)和茎柔鱼(Dosidicus gigas)四种代表性的重要经济渔业物种,总结气候对其生长繁殖、种群结构以及资源波动的影响,最后探讨了海洋环境和气候变化对洪堡洋流生态系统的影响。本研究认为在未来气候变化的影响下,研究洪堡洋流生态系统需要依赖于高能力的综合生态系统模型,需考虑物理、生物和化学环境、营养结构等因素,全面地评估生态系统内各种群的变动规律,进而更加合理开发与科学管理渔业资源。

Review on the response of important fishery resources to the climatic and environmental variability in the Humboldt Current System

The Humboldt Current System (HCS) supports the largest pelagic fisheries in the world, and strongly affected by climate forces in the Eastern Boundary Currents System. The abundance and distribution of pelagic species in the HCS are largely regulated by seasonal, interannual and interdecadal climate changes. In this study, the sea conditions of the HCS were initially summarized, then the fisheries in the Southeast Pacific Ocean were introduced. The effects of climate changes on growth and reproduction, population structure and resource fluctuation of four representative fishery species, Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis japonious), Chilean jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus), Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) were further discussed. Finally, the effects of environmental and climatic variability on the Humboldt Current Ecosystem (HCES) were described. This study suggested that research on the HCES under the influences of future climate change was highly depend on high-capacity comprehensive ecosystem models, considering physical environment, biochemical reaction, nutritional structure and other factors. Based on the models and their evaluations, the variations of kinds of population in the HCES will get thorough understand and fishery resources will get more reasonable development and scientific management.