三峡库区蓄水后气候特征及其对生产潜力的影响

选用三峡库区33个台站1960～2008年气象资料,利用＂作物生长动态统计＂模型方法,计算了三峡库区水稻、玉米、冬小麦的气候产量及三峡水库蓄水后气候生产潜力的变化情况。结果表明,三峡库区气温在20世纪80年代末以前波动降低,而在80年代末后增温迅速;降水量在90年代末期前变化不大,在90年代末期以后略有减少;日照时数则是在60、70年代较多,80年代后相对较少,且变化不大。水库蓄水后整个库区气温升高;而降水在库区南部减少,在库区西北部增加;日照时数除了在库区西南部的垫江附近增加外,其余大部地区都是减少的。蓄水后,水稻气候生产潜力在库区西北部和东北以减小为主,而在库区南部以增大为主;玉米的气候生产潜力在库区东北部和西南部是减小的,在其余地区都是增大;冬小麦的气候生产潜力在整个库区以增大为主。

Climate Characteristics in Three Gorges Reservoir Area after Water Storage and Its Impact on the Production Potential

Based on the meteorological data from 33 stations of Three Gorges Reservoir from 1960 to 2008,climate yield of rice and corn and winter wheat and the changes of climate production potential after water storage in Three Gorges Reservoir were accounted by the dynamic statistic model of crop growth.The results showed that the temperature in Three Gorges Reservoir was fluctuantly decreased before late 1980s,and warmed rapidly after the late 1980s.The precipitation had little change before the late 1990s and had a slight decrease after the late 1990s.The sunshine hours were more in 1960s and 1970s,then it had little change after 1980s.After water storage,the temperature increased in Three Gorges Reservoir as a whole.The precipitation decreased in the south of Three Gorges Reservoir,while it increased in the northwest of Three Gorges Reservoir.The sunshine hours were reductive except that in the vicinity of Dianjiang.After water storage,climate production potential of rice decreased in the northwest and the northeast,while it increased in the south of Three Gorges Reservoir.The climate production potential of corn decreased in the northeast and the southwest,and that in the rest of Three Gorges Reservoir increased.The climate production potential of winter wheat augmented almost in total.