Movement behavior explains genetic differentiation in American black bears |
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Authors: | Samuel A Cushman Jesse S Lewis |
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Institution: | (1) U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2500 S. Pine Knoll Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA;(2) Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA |
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Abstract: | Individual-based landscape genetic analyses provide empirically based models of gene flow. It would be valuable to verify
the predictions of these models using independent data of a different type. Analyses using different data sources that produce
consistent results provide strong support for the generality of the findings. Mating and dispersal movements are the mechanisms
through which gene flow operates in animal populations. The best means to verify landscape genetic predictions would be to
use movement data to independently predict landscape resistance. We used path-level, conditional logistic regression to predict
landscape resistance for American black bear (Ursus americanus) in a landscape in which previous work predicted population connectivity using individual-based landscape genetics. We found
consistent landscape factors influence genetic differentiation and movement path selection, with strong similarities between
the predicted landscape resistance surfaces. Genetic differentiation in American black bear is driven by spring movement (mating
and dispersal) in relation to residential development, roads, elevation and forest cover. Given the limited periods of the
year when gene flow events primarily occur, models of landscape connectivity should carefully consider temporal changes in
functional landscape resistance. |
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