玛纳斯河流域绿洲盐漠带适生植物筛选及物种多样性研究

摘 要：【研究目的】以玛纳斯河流域绿洲盐漠带为研究区，通过筛选优势适生植物，为人工辅助提高盐漠带生态稳定性，保障绿洲农田高效生产力提供参考；【方法】通过植物种群结构组成、群落多样性及生态位宽度分析，筛选出优势适生植物并分析物种多样性；【结果】通过筛选，骆驼蓬、柽柳、猪毛菜、盐爪爪被确定为优势适生种；结合生态位宽度综合分析，得出土壤盐分维最大，为0.5832, 其次是有机质、全氮、水分，综合值分别为0.4800、0.4379与0.2201，说明该区域植物适盐能力较强，尤其骆驼蓬、盐爪爪、柽柳与猪毛菜表现出优势适应性。【结论】盐漠带植物受限于盐分与水分，表现出物种多样性不高，而筛选出优势适生植物骆驼蓬、盐爪爪、柽柳与猪毛菜可作为盐漠带退化生态系统恢复与重建的适生优势物种。

Analysis on Plant Selection and Species Diversity in Salinization-desert zone of Oasis in Manas River Valley

Natural plant was studied in salinization-desert zone in Manas river valley. The dominant species in salinization areas can improve ecological stability and maintain high productivity in the farm; Through the analysis of plant species composition, community diversity and niche breadth, dominant species were selected and its species diversity were studied; Peganum harmala L., Tamarix hispida, Salsola collina, Kalidium foliatum as dominant species; From the analysis, the niche breadth of soil salinity, organic matter, total nitrogen and soil water content respectively were 0.5832, 0.4800, 0.4379 and 0.2201. It shows that natural plants this areas adapt to saline environment, especially Peganum harmala L, Tamarix hispida, Salsola collina, Kalidium foliatum; the species diversity, was not high in salinization-desert zone, limited by salt and water. Peganum harmala L, Tamarix hispida,Salsola collina, Kalidium foliatum as dominant species were selected, it can help to steady and restore the degraded ecosystems in salinization-desert zone.