基因组选择在奶牛育种中的革命性突破(综述)

基因组选择(Genomic Selection)方法最近已经在奶牛育种中获得革命性突破。美国农业部和加拿大奶牛网络的最新研究发现,基因组育种值和传统育种值合并后对后备公母牛的育种值的可靠性(准确度)平均增加幅度最大(23%),相当于后裔测定11头女儿的可靠性。基因组选择可以允许育种者提前选择那些获得优越染色体片段的种畜,因此可加快和提高遗传改良的速度和效率,降低后裔测定的成本,甚至最终取代整个后裔测定方法。从2009年起,美国和加拿大将在官方颁布的奶牛育种值中合并基因组育种值和传统育种值。及时采用这一新方法,对我国奶牛业的遗传改良发展速度尤其至关重要。

Genomic Selection in Dairy Breeding, A Revolutionary Break Through (a Review)

Genomic selection methodologies are revolutionary break through in dairy breeding.Research work at the USDA and Canadian Dairy Network has revealed that the new breeding values which combine the genomic breeding values and traditional breeding values work the best for the young bulls and heifers with the largest increase in average reliabilities on economic traits(23%),which equivalents to information based on 11 progeny tested daughters.Genomic selection allows breeders to select animals with superior chromosome segments at early stage of life.Thus it improves the rate and efficiency of genetic improvement,reduces the cost of the progeny tests and eventually with the potential to replace the progeny test.In 2009,both USDA and Canadian Dairy Network will start including the genomic breeding values in their official release of dairy breeding values.To use this new method in a timely fashion will be specially important to speed up the rate of genetic improvement in Chinese dairy cattle.