环境胁迫对土壤动物生态学影响研究进展

土壤动物是陆地生态系统重要的组成部分，它们参与土壤有机质分解、植物营养矿化及养分循环等作用。但是随着工农业的发展，土壤污染越来越严重，从而土壤动物也随之受到影响。因此，本文着重从以下四个方面综述了主要的环境胁迫对土壤动物生态学的影响：(1)农药污染：随着农药污染程度的加重，土壤动物类群、个体数量、多样性指数、均匀性指数、个体数密度等会逐渐降低，但是不同类型的农药对土壤动物的影响程度不同，杀虫剂农药比除草剂影响程度大，不同的土壤动物对农药污染的敏感程度也不同；(2)重金属污染：重金属污染对土壤动物的影响其结果与农药污染相似；(3)氮沉降：氮沉降对土壤动物的影响会随着环境条件的不同而发生变化；(4)大气CO2浓度升高：国外学者主要利用FACE(Free-Air CO2 Enrichment)开放式CO2系统对土壤动物进行研究，发现土壤动物对大气CO2浓度的升高，能够产生正向、中性和负向的响应。最后本文指出了中国在土壤动物生态学领域急需开展研究的几个方面。

Review on the Ecological Influences of Environmental Stresses on Soil Animals

Soil animals are one of the important components of the terrestrial ecosystem, they are the essential contributors to the decomposition of soil organic matter, mineralization of plant nutrients and matter cycling. But, with the development of industry and agriculture, soil pollution becomes more serious, and soil animals are influenced. So, this paper summarized the ecological influences of four environmental stresses on soil animals as follows: (1) pesticide pollution: with the increase of pesticide pollution, community of soil animals, the total number of the individuals, the diversity index, the homogeneous index, the density of individuals were decreased. But the influencing extents of different types of pesticides on soil animals were different, the insecticide was more serious than herbicide. Different soil animals were sensitive to different types of pesticide. (2) heavy metal pollution: the influences of heavy metal pollution on soil animals were similar as pesticide pollution. (3) N deposition: the influences of N deposition on soil animals changed with the specific environment. (4) atmospheric CO2 enrichment: some foreign researchers mainly used the FACE(Free-Air CO2 Enrichment)system to study soil animals, they found that soil animals may generate positive, neutral, negative response. Finally this paper pointed out several new areas which should be further studied in soil animal ecology in China.