航天搭载青稞遗传变异初报

108粒青稞干种子经返回式实验卫星搭载后,室内培养正常发芽得到108株幼苗。细胞观察结果表明,航天飞行处理对根尖细胞有丝分裂没有显著影响。幼苗移栽至大田发现经航天飞行处理的植株与未经处理的对照青稞植株一样健壮,但其中2株花序形态表现变异,出现双麦穗。其余106株的花序形态完全正常,用来自7个连锁群的21对微卫星引物对经航天飞行处理的青稞幼苗进行DNA多态性分析,其中20对引物未检测出变异,而用位于2H染色体上的引物HVM54从63个植株中检测出10株发生了变异,且这10株青稞的变异类型完全相同。这一结果说明经航天飞行的青稞种子DNA发生一定变异。

VARIATION OF QINGKE(Hordeum vulgare linn.var.nudum Hook.f)INDUCED BY SPACE FLIGHT TREATMENT

108 Dry seeds of Qingke(Hordeum vulgare linn.var.nudum Hook.f) were carried into space by recoverable satellite.After wards,the seeds were germinated into 108 seedlings at room temperature,and root tips were observed with light microscope,and results and normal mitotic division was found without microkernel at interphase or chromosome bridges at anaphase,which means that chromosomal structure change didn't occur in Qingke seeds during space flight.To investigate whether there were morphology variations taken place,the seedlings were transplanted into field and managed normal.All of plants grew as strong as normal Qingke plants(CK) by eye abservation.except two plants showed abnormal inflorescence morphology,which had two spikes on one tiller.21 SSR markers on 7 linkage groups were used to analysis the polymorphism of genomic DNA for these Qingke plants.No polymorphism was detected with 20 SSR markers among 63 plants investigated.But varied electrophoretic bands were tested in 10 plants using the marker HVM54 on chromosome 2H,and all the 10 plants showed uniform electrophoretypes.It was concluded that the DNA of the Qingke could be changed during space flight.