玉米品种耐淹形态指标筛选及其耐淹光合生理特性研究

在大田条件下,以16个生产上主推玉米品种为材料,对玉米品种耐淹性进行了鉴定,并探讨了不同耐淹型品种的光合生理差异。结果表明,淹水后玉米穗粒数下降,千粒重上升,产量下降;根据产量与相对受害率的关系,16个玉米品种可以分为高产耐淹型、低产耐淹型、低产不耐淹型和高产不耐淹型4类;叶片重、根冠比和叶茎比可以作为衡量玉米品种耐淹能力的重要形态指标;高产耐淹型玉米品种在不淹水和淹水条件下,均表现为开花期最早;高产耐淹型玉米品种叶绿素含量和光合速率在淹水后10 d已经与对照无显著差异,显著高于其他3类品种。

Screening for cultivars with water-logging resistance through analyzing morphological indexes and photosynthetic characteristics in maize

Sixteen maize cultivars widely planted in China were compared for their water-logging resistance and photosynthetic physiology under field conditions. The results showed that 1000-grain weight increased but the yield and grain number per spike reduced after water-logging. According to the relation between yield and relative injury rate in maize, 16 maize cultivars could be classified into 4 groups: group 1 with higher yield and high tolerance to water-logging, group 2 with lower yield and high tolerance to water-logging, group 3 with lower yield and low tolerance to water-logging and group 4 with higher yield and low tolerance to water-logging. The leaf weight, the root cap ratio and the leaf culm ratio can be used as the morphological indexes to measure the water-logging resistance in maize. The maize cultivars belonged to group 1 bloomed earlier no matter water-logging stress existed or not. The chlorophyll contents and the photosynthetic rates had no significant difference compared to the control in group 1 after 10 days water-logging, but they were significant higher than those of the other groups.