稻田节肢动物群落对3 种土壤改良剂的响应

试验研究了竹炭、凹凸棒石、木炭3 种土壤改良剂在吸附土壤污染物质、改善土壤物理性状时, 对稻田节肢动物群落的影响。结果表明: 3 种土壤改良剂均显著提高了蜘蛛类个体数量, 特别是优势种八斑球腹蛛(Coleosoma octomaculatum)的个体数量, 竹炭、凹凸棒石处理田八斑球腹蛛的个体数量为对照田的5 倍多,木炭处理田为对照田的4 倍多; 3 种土壤改良剂均显著降低了植食类昆虫的个体数量, 竹炭、凹凸棒石和木炭处理田的目标害虫稻褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)数量分别为对照田的15%、10%和20%; 3 种土壤改良剂均显著提高了蜘蛛类的优势度, 显著降低了植食昆虫类的优势度; 竹炭和凹凸棒石处理的第1 年可显著提高节肢动物群落多样性, 第2 年对节肢动物群落多样性无显著影响, 木炭处理的每年都显著提高了稻田节肢动物群落多样性与复杂度, 增加了稻田生态系统的稳定性。

Response of arthropod community in rice field to soil ameliorates

The response of arthropod community in rice field to bamboo charcoal, attapulgite and wood charcoal soil ameliorates used to absorb pollutants and amend soil physical and chemical properties was investigated. Relative to the control, individual numbers of araneae, especially the dominant species Coleosoma octomaculatum, increased significantly in fields treated with the three soil ameliorates. The number of C. octomaculatum was over four times higher in both bamboo charcoal and attapulgite treated fields, and over three times higher in wood charcoal treated fields than in the control field. Also compared with the control, individual numbers of phytaphagous insects dropped significantly in fields treated with the three soil ameliorates. The numbers of the target pest Nilaparvata lugens in bamboo charcoal, attapulgite and wood charcoal treated fields were respectively 15%, 10% and 20% of the control field. While araneae dominance significantly increased, that of phytaphagous insects significantly decreased in ameliorated fields. Whereas arthropod community diversity significantly increased in the first year, it was not significantly affected in subsequent year in both bamboo charcoal and attapulgite treated fields. The diversity and complexity of arthropod community in wood charcoal treated fields significantly increased with each passing year. This improved the stability of paddy field ecosystems.