氨气对肉鸡生产性能的影响

为探讨畜舍内有害气体对畜禽生产性能的影响,以舍内主要有害气体氨气为主要研究指标,肉鸡为实验动物,研究氨气对肉鸡生产性能的影响。选择1日龄AA鸡、科宝鸡和三黄鸡各140只,将各品种随机分成4个处理组(氨气浓度水平不同),分别饲养在4个独立的、环境可控的实验舱内。4个环控仓环境除氨气浓度不同外,其余温度、湿度等生态环境条件及饲养管理方式完全相同。各仓氨气浓度通过感应器自动控制,4个环控仓氨气浓度分别为:0～21日龄时分别为0、10、25和60mg/m3,28～42日龄时分别调整为0、15、45和90mg/m3。研究表明:0～21日龄时,氨气浓度对肉鸡的日采食量和日增质量无显著影响(p0.05),但高氨组(60mg/m3)饲料转化率显著降低(p0.05);28～42日龄时,高氨组(90mg/m3)的日增质量、日采食量和饲料转化率均显著降低(p0.05)。与对照组相比,分别下降8.20%、7.60%和4.30%。以万只规模鸡场计算,约造成毛重收益损失2万元(以毛重价格7.6元/kg计算)。实验表明,肉鸡在0～21日龄舍内氨气浓度应不超过10mg/m3,在28～42日龄时应不超过15mg/m3。

Ammonia to Chicken Production Performance Influence

In order to investigate the impact of the harmful gas on the production performance of livestock and poultry, the paper was foucused on taking the ammonia in livestock and poultry houses as the indicator to study broiler farms, choosing 1-day-old AA, Kebao and Sanhuang chicks(140 in each variety) and randomly divided into 4 groups(different ammonia concentrations),which were kept in 4 independent and environment controllable cabins. Beside different ammonia concentrations ,the ecological environment conditions and feeding management were exactly the same way in the cabins ,such as temperature, humidity. The ammonia concentrations in 4 cabins were automatically controlled by sensors. It was grouped as follows 0-21 days old chickens(0,10,25 and 60 mg/m 3 ),28-42 days old chickens(0,15,45 and 90 mg/m 3 ). The research showed that for 0-21 days old chickens, ammonia concentrations had no significant effect on daily feed intake and daily gain of broilers,(p>0.05),but in the high ammonia group(60 mg/m 3 ), feed conversion efficiency were markedly decreased(p<0.05). The daily gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in the high ammonia group(90 mg/m 3 ) were decreased significantly, and compared with the control group ,it decreased by 8.20%, 7.60% and 4.30%. calculated by a ten thousand -scaled broiler farm, it may roughly cause the profit loss of gross weight 20 thousand Yuan(calculated by 7.6 Yuan/kilo),it was also showed that the ammonia concentration inside the broiler farm should not exceed 10 mg/ m3 for 0-3 weeks old chickens, and not exceed 15 mg/m3 fou 4-6 weeks old chickens.