简论现行管理体制对种子产业发展的负面影响

以中国加入WTO及对外开放商品种子市场和种子技术市场为基本背景,主要从探索我国种子管理体制改革、促进种子产业转换与升级、提高种子产业的国内外市场竞争力角度,系统分析了中国现行种子管理体制对种子产业发展的负面影响.结果表明,尽管中国已经对计划经济体制下建立起来的种子管理体制进行了多层面的改革,但现行管理体制仍不具备建立现代种子产业体系的基本框架.具体而言,在市场组织发育方面,现行管理体制导致种子科研组织的科技装备落后,种子经销组织面临过度竞争的市场环境,种子加工组织发育滞后;在产业结构调整方面,现行种子管理体制导致推进种子产业结构转换的动力源泉较为单一、促进种子产业升级的政策导向不合理、种子产业的区域布局不合理;在种子产业运作效率方面,现行管理体制导致种子市场主体的经营效益偏低、良种更新换代的速度较慢、种子市场秩序混乱和种子质量问题严重.

Discussion on the Side-effects from the Present Seed-management System on Seed-industry Development in China

Under the situation of China entering to WTO, this paper analysis the side effects from the present seed management system on the seed industry development of China, for promoting the reforming of the seed management, accelerating the changing and updating of seed industry structure, and strengthening competitive ability of the commodity seed and its relevant technologies at home and abroad markets. The analyses show that although Chinese government has reformed management system of the seed industry from several aspects since 1978, the present management system of seed industry cannot meet the needs of the development of seed industry. First, the present management system leads to backward equipment of science and technology of seed research and development organizations, excessive competitive marketing environments facing the commodity seed marketing organizations, and lagging growth of seed processing organizations. Second, under the present seed management system, the impetus promoting the structure change of present seed industry is not enough, the policy direction stimulating update of the present seed industry is not reasonable, and the distribution and match of the present seed industry in different agro economic regions is not rational. Finally, present management system causes low operation benefits of firms in the seed industries, slow renewing speed of improved variety, confusions of the seed market operation, and serious problems of seed quality