贮藏温度对4种观赏桃花粉贮藏特性的影响

为解决观赏桃杂交育种中花期不遇的问题,以‘粉花山碧’‘合欢二色’‘满天红’‘元春’4种观赏桃品种的花粉为材料,采用离体培养法,研究其在4、-20、-60、-80℃及室温环境下,随着贮藏时间的延长花粉生活力及培养2h花粉管长度的变化。结果表明:贮藏温度对花粉的生活力有显著影响,但对培养2h花粉管长度的影响不显著;5个贮藏温度中,4个品种均以-80℃为最佳贮藏温度,在其他温度下不同品种花粉的贮藏特性在不同贮藏阶段存在差异,差异主要表现在4和-20℃贮藏时,并不都符合温度越低,贮藏效果越好的规律。4个观赏桃品种间花粉耐贮性存在显著差异,按照耐贮性由强到弱排序,各品种依次为‘满天红’‘元春’‘合欢二色’‘粉花山碧’。

Effects of storage temperatures on pollen storage characteristics in four ornamental peach cultivars

In order to solve problem of flowering asynchronism in cross breeding of ornamental peach, we used some pollens in four ornamental peach cultivars as materials, including ‘Fenhua Shanbitao’,‘Hehuan Erse Tao’,‘Mantianhong’ and ‘Yuanchun’, and studied changes of pollen viability and pollen tube length with extending storage time at 4,-20,-60,-80 ℃ and room temperature, using in vitro pollen culture method. The results showed that, storage temperature had significant effects on pollen viability, but had no significant effect on pollen tube length. Among the storage temperatures, the optimum storage temperature for all four cultivars was -80 ℃, but there were differences among storage characteristics of different cultivars of pollen at other storage temperatures at different storage stages. The differences mainly concentrated in the storage treatments at 4 and -20 ℃, which did not conform to the rule that the lower temperature, the better storage effect. Storability of four ornamental peach cultivars had significant differences, and order of the cultivars was ‘Mantianhong’,‘Yuanchun’,‘Hehuan Erse Tao’,‘Fenhua Shanbitao’ based on storability from strong to weak.