滴灌频率和定额对枸杞园土壤水热分布及产量的影响

为构建合理的沙质土壤枸杞园滴灌技术体系,以大果枸杞新品种‘宁杞8号’为试验材料,在滴灌条件下开展不同灌水频率和定额大田试验,研究灌水下限和灌水量对枸杞园土壤水热分布及‘宁杞8号’生长的影响。结果表明:在整个枸杞生育期,'宁杞8号'最大耗水时期为6月中下旬,高频灌水处理的土壤水分变化保持在一个较稳定的范围;土壤水分、气温及枸杞生育阶段对土壤温度影响明显,表层土壤温度变化(10cm以上)受空气温度影响显著,7月以后气温对土壤温度的影响逐渐减弱,20cm以下土层基本不受气温影响,而且高频灌水处理能使土壤温度保持在一个相对稳定的范围。因此,沙土地‘宁杞8号’枸杞品种最佳灌水下限宜控制在田间最大持水量的85%,全生育期最佳灌水次数为103次,灌水总量为4817.25m3/hm^2,此条件下产量为6332.1kg/hm^2,且单果质量、果实纵横径、2cm以上等级率均优于其他处理。

Effects of drip irrigation frequency and quota on soil water and heat distribution and fruit yield in Lycium barbarum garden

In order to construct a reasonable drip irrigation technology system for sand-soil Lycium barbarum garden, taking the new variety of L.barbarum ‘Ningqi No.8’ as research materials,a field experiment of different irrigation frequency and quota under drip irrigation was carried out,effects of different irrigation lower limits and quota on soil moisture and heat distribution in L.barbarum garden and ‘Ningqi No.8’ growth were researched.The results showed that,during whole growth period,the maximum water consumption period of ‘Ningqi No.8’ was in mid-late June,and soil moisture remained relatively stable under high-frequency irrigation.Soil temperature was obviously affected by soil moisture,air temperature and L.barbarum growth stages,and air temperature significantly affected topsoil temperature within 10 cm deep.Effect of air temperature on soil temperature was gradually weakened after July.Soil temperature at depth of 20 cm below was not basically affected,and soil temperature remained relatively stable under high-frequency irrigation.So the optimal irrigation lower threshold for ‘Ningqi No.8’ should be controlled to 85% saturation moisture capacity of field,the optimal irrigation frequency for whole growth period should be 103 times,and the best irrigation volume was 4 817.25 m^3/hm^2.Under the conditions,yield was 6 332.1 kg/hm^2,and single fruit mass,transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter and fruit rate above 2 cm grade were better than other treatments.