苹果苦痘病与果实品质及矿质元素含量的相关性分析

为了探明苹果果实品质及果实中主要矿质元素含量与苦痘病发生的关系,从而为其生产施肥提供参考依据,测定了'长富2'苹果苦痘病不同发病等级果实的外观与内在品质指标及果实中主要矿质元素N、P、K、Ca的含量与比值,分析了其与苦痘病发生的相关性。测定结果表明:果实硬度、糖酸比、果形指数与苦痘病病级均呈显著负相关,其相关系数分别为-0.91、-0.93、-0.89;可溶性固形物、可滴定酸的含量与苦痘病病级均呈极显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0.96、0.97;单果质量、横径、总糖与苦痘病病级均呈显著正相关,其相关系数分别为0.92、0.92、0.90。果实中的Ca含量,苦痘病病果低于正常果;而果实中N、P、K的含量,苦痘病病果却高于正常果。苦痘病病级与果实中N、P的含量均呈显著正相关,而与Ca含量呈极显著负相关,与N/Ca、K/Ca、P/Ca之值均呈极显著正相关,而与K/P、N/P之值均呈显著负相关。分析结果表明:苦痘病的发生会影响苹果的单果质量、硬度、可溶性固形物、总糖、可滴定酸含量等果实品质指标;而且果实中较低的Ca含量和较高的N、P、K含量及较高的N/Ca、K/Ca、P/Ca之值、较低的K/P、N/P之值,都是导致或者加重苦痘病发生的主要因素。

Correlation analysis of apple bitter pit with fruit quality and mineral element contents in fruits

In order to ascertain correlation of occurrence of bitter pit with apple fruit quality and contents of main mineral elements in fruits,and to provide some references for production and fertilization,some appearance and internal quality indexes,and main mineral element (N,P,K,Ca) contents and their ratios in 'Nagafu 2' apple fruits at different bitter pit grades were determined,and their correlations were analyzed.The results showed that fruit hardness,sugar-acid ratio and fruit shape index were significantly negatively correlated with bitter pit grade,and correlation coefficients were -0.91,-0.93 and -0.89,respectively.Contents of soluble solids and titratable acid had very significantly positive correlations with bitter pit grade,and correlation coefficients were 0.96 and 0.97,respectively.Single fruit mass,transverse diameter, total sugar content had significant positive correlations with bitter pit grade,and correlation coefficients were 0.92,0.92 and 0.90,respectively.Ca content in bitter pit fruit was lower than that in normal fruit,and contents of N,P and K were higher than those in normal fruit.Bitter pit grade was significantly positively correlated with N and P contents,very significantly negatively correlated with Ca content,very significantly positively correlated with ratios of N/Ca,K/Ca and P/Ca,and significantly negatively correlated with ratios of K/P and N/P.In conclusion,occurrence of bitter pit could affect some fruit quality indexes,including single fruit mass,hardness,soluble solids content,total sugar content,titratable acid content,and so on,and lower Ca content,higher N,P,K contents,higher ratios of N/Ca,K/Ca,P/Ca,and lower ratios of K/P and N/P in fruits were main factors leading to or aggravating occurrence of bitter pit.